There is a significant threat for today s economics represented by deep structural changes conducted without detailed impact assessment. The system of today s economics not only became almost inextricably complicated but it is also dangerous for the future development of the society. Energy industry represents in this economic environment a critical system. It s changing structure is influencing social welfare and competitiveness of national economies on global market. This monograph provides a systematic approach to assessment of energy industry structural changes, especially for implementation of Smart Grids concept. Without a detailed analysis, any additional regulation will not have a required positive influence on future social welfare.