Present work is a comprehensive up to date study on the most widely distributed penaeid prawn found in Indian water. Family Penaeidae comprises 20 genera and 79 species from Indian water and during the present study only 24 species are found to be most widely distributed throughout Indian coast line. These 24 species belongs to 9 genera under family Penaeidae. The genus Penaeus, Metapenaeus and Metapenaeopsis comprises the most commercially important species among the penaeid prawn found in Indian water. In the present book all the genus and species are diagnosed and a suitable key is provided for identification of each genus and species under the family Penaeoidae. Last of all a comprehensive list of reference has been provided for each citation in the text.