More than ever before, science has become an integral part of the way in which we conduct our daily activities. It is the driving force in shaping the way we live; and the decisions we make about science, in turn, shape our futures. Despite these increasingly important roles of science and technology in modern society, the science success rates of college students are discouragingly low. Achieving proficiency in science is critical for preparing students to be productive citizens who make well-informed decisions about their health and environment. In an effort to address the problem of poor science achievement in higher education, Taking Note uncovers the factors most significantly related to success in college biology. Insights into the students experiences and needs provide strategies to best help them in the pursuit of success. Meaningful curriculum and pedagogical reforms to improve student learning outcomes have been outlined here, and these recommendations can be used by science practitioners everywhere to provide a more nurturing and inspiring environment for all students.