What are the current characteristics and challenges of teaching and learning history in terms of time and space? This book aims to contribute to answering this question based on theoretical, historiographical and didactic knowledge and the analysis of empirical data. The database comes from the project "Young People and History in MERCOSUR" and is made up of student responses to a questionnaire applied in schools in 22 cities in the five regions of Brazil. From a detailed analysis, we confirm and reinforce the need for a paradigmatic shift in History Teaching.