Before teaching mathematics at school, in addition to general learning goals, there are also specific goals determined by the peculiarities of mathematical science. One of them is the formation and development of mathematical thinking. This contributes to the identification and more effective development of mathematical abilities of schoolchildren, prepares them for creative activity in general and in mathematics with its numerous applications in particular. In general, the intellectual development of children can be accelerated in three directions: the conceptual structure of thinking, speech intelligence and an internal plan of action.