Elmer Thiessen provides a comprehensive critical survey of the debate concerning indoctrination, especially in the context of confessional religious education. His central aim is to establish that indoctrination as a result of religious instruction is neither inevitable nor as probable as is often assumed by advocates of liberal education. Thiessen recognizes that indoctrination can occur in Christian homes and schools. He believes, however, that before the charge of indoctrination can be correctly evaluated, we need to develop a more coherent concept of the term. He provides a critical examination of the four criteria traditionally associated with indoctrination - content, method, intention, and consequences - and of the institutional context of indoctrination.