Education, science and research policies in the states around the world are facing numerous challenges in implementing sustainable development goals (SDGs), which have become an integral part of national political economy since the end of 2015. Measures for SDGs implementation involve three spheres of national governance: social, environmental and economic; they are supposed to change national approaches to SDGs. Though none of the changes shall be effective without adequate reforms in existing national education and research policies. Both existing education institutions and teaching methods shall be re-assessed fundamentally: higher education institutions shall teach the necessary "SDG-skills", the teaching methods shall be adapted to the needed general and professional abilities to practically implement SDGs, and long-term professional and vocational education/training shall be available through people's life span. Besides, SDGs need new approaches to teaching through a combination of modern technologies, new political-economy methods and best-practices' sharing is needed. The book serves the decision-makers in taking responsible steps in SDGs implementation.