Technical Innovation in American History
An Encyclopedia of Science and Technology [3 Volumes]
Herausgeber: Welch, Rosanne; Lamphier, Peg A
Technical Innovation in American History
An Encyclopedia of Science and Technology [3 Volumes]
Herausgeber: Welch, Rosanne; Lamphier, Peg A
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From the invention of eyeglasses to the Internet, this three-volume set examines the pivotal effects of inventions on society, providing a fascinating history of technology and innovations in the United States from the earliest European colonization to the present. Technical Innovation in American History surveys the history of technology, documenting the chronological and thematic connections between specific inventions, technological systems, individuals, and events that have contributed to the history of science and technology in the United States. Covering eras from colonial times to the…mehr
- A Manual Of The Principle Instruments Used In American Engineering And Surveying, Manufactured By W. & L.e. Gurley42,99 €
- William Augustus MowryAmerican Inventions and Inventors38,99 €
- Joseph Elwyn WingAlfalfa Farming in America42,99 €
- James JeansThe New Background of Science39,99 €
- Adam Gowans WhyteThe Electrical Industry36,99 €
- Xavier FischerResearch in Interactive Design123,99 €
- Thomas BoxA Practical Treatise On Heat, As Applied to the Useful Arts37,99 €
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- Produktdetails
- Verlag: Bloomsbury Publishing PLC
- Seitenzahl: 1164
- Erscheinungstermin: 22. Februar 2019
- Englisch
- Abmessung: 287mm x 224mm x 89mm
- Gewicht: 4082g
- ISBN-13: 9781610690935
- ISBN-10: 1610690931
- Artikelnr.: 42094374
- Herstellerkennzeichnung
- Libri GmbH
- Europaallee 1
- 36244 Bad Hersfeld
- 06621 890
- Verlag: Bloomsbury Publishing PLC
- Seitenzahl: 1164
- Erscheinungstermin: 22. Februar 2019
- Englisch
- Abmessung: 287mm x 224mm x 89mm
- Gewicht: 4082g
- ISBN-13: 9781610690935
- ISBN-10: 1610690931
- Artikelnr.: 42094374
- Herstellerkennzeichnung
- Libri GmbH
- Europaallee 1
- 36244 Bad Hersfeld
- 06621 890
Chronology
Section 1: Colonial America and Enlightenment Science
Overview
American Philosophical Society
Primary Document: Memorial of the American Philosophical Society Favoring an Exploration of the Alaskan Coast (1868)
Astronomical Almanacs
Primary Document: Aphorisms from Poor Richard's Almanack (1732-1758)
Banneker
Benjamin (1731-1806)
Primary Document: Letter of Thomas Jefferson to Benjamin Banneker
Expressing Jefferson's Belief That Blacks Had Talents Equal to Other Races (1791)
Primary Document: Frontispiece of Benjamin Banneker's Pennsylvania
Delaware
Maryland and Virginia Almanack and Ephemeris (1792)
Bifocals
Primary Document: Benjamin Franklin's Letter Describing His Invention of Bifocals (1725)
Bushnell
David (1740-c. 1824)
Primary Document: Engraving of David Bushnell's American Turtle (1775)
Colden
Jane (1724-1766)
Daylight Saving Time
Extension Arm (Long Arm)
Fire Safety
Flexible Catheter
Food Production
Native American
Franklin
Benjamin (1706-1790)
Primary Document: Letter of Benjamin Franklin Describing His Experiments with Electricity (c. 1750)
Franklin Stove
Primary Document: Excerpt from Benjamin Franklin's An Account of the New Invented Pennsylvanian Fire-Places (1744)
Glass Harmonica (Armonica)
Primary Document: Excerpt of Benjamin Franklin's Letter to Father Giambatista Beccaria Describing the Glass Harmonica (1762)
Glover
Elizabeth (d. 1643)
Godfrey
Thomas (1704-1749)
Iron- and Silversmithing
Kentucky Long Rifle
Lightning Rod
Primary Document: Frontispiece and Title Page of Benjamin Franklin's Experiments and Observations on Electricity (1774)
Loom
Primary Document: Excerpts from the Diary of Martha Ballard Describing Home Weaving (1787)
Lucas
Eliza (1722-1793)
Primary Document: Letter of Eliza Lucas to Her Father (1741)
Masters
Sybilla (c. 1675-1720)
Mather
Cotton (1663-1728)
Natural History
Onesimus (fl. 1706-1716)
Peale
Charles Willson (1741-1827)
Primary Document: Letter of Charles Willson Peale to Thomas Jefferson Regarding New Agricultural Inventions and Innovations (1815)
Priestley
Joseph (1733-1804)
Rittenhouse
David (1732-1796)
Primary Document: Letter of Thomas Jefferson to David Rittenhouse (1778)
"Saugus Pot
" Schooner
Smallpox Inoculation
Primary Document: George Washington's Order for All Soldiers to Receive a Smallpox Inoculation (1778) and Letter of Edward Rowse to Thomas Jefferson Suggesting the Possibility of Vaccines for Other Diseases (1805)
Spinning Wheel
Primary Document: An "Address to the Ladies" Urging American Women to Boycott British Goods (1767)
Street Lighting
Swim Fins
Three-Wheel Clock
Primary Document: James Ferguson's Description of Benjamin Franklin's Three-Wheel Clock (1773)
Turtle Submarine
Primary Document: Letter of David Bushnell to Thomas Jefferson Regarding Bushnell's Experiments with Submarines (1787)
Whiton
David Erskine (1825-1904)
Winthrop
John (1714-1779)
Primary Document: John Winthrop Describes His Observation of the Planet Venus (1761)
Section 2: The New Republic and the Market Economy (1780-1820)
Overview
Amphibious Steam Vehicle
Primary Document: Image of an Amphibious Steam Vehicle (1834)
Apple Parers
Primary Document: Apple Parer Patent Document Image (1836)
Babbitt
Sarah "Tabitha" (1779-1853)
Ballard
Martha (1735-1812)
Banjo Clock
Blackwell
Elizabeth (1821-1910)
Primary Document: Excerpts from "Address on the Medical Education of Women" by Elizabeth and Emily Blackwell (1863)
Burr Truss Bridge
Canals
Canning Factory
Charting the Gulf Stream
Circular Saw
Coffee Percolator
Cotton Gin
Cotton Sewing Thread
Dental Floss
Diffraction Grating
Erie Canal
Primary Document: Letter of Robert Fulton to George Washington Urging Him to Support the Construction of Canals (1797)
Evans
Oliver (1755-1819)
Primary Document: Letters from Oliver Evans to Thomas Jefferson (1804
1808)
Fire Hydrant
Primary Document: Account of the Detroit Fire (1805)
Fitch
John (1743-1798)
Flatboat
Fulton
Robert (1765-1815)
Gas Tungsten Arc Welding
Greene
Catharine Littlefield (1755-1814)
High-Pressure Steam Engine
Interchangeable Parts
Internal Combustion Engine
Jefferson
Thomas (1743-1826)
Lewis and Clark Expedition (1804-1806)
Primary Document: Excerpts from the Journal of the Lewis and Clark Expedition (1805
1806)
Lobster Trap
Lowell Mill System
Primary Document: Description of the Life of a Mill Girl from the Lowell Offering (1845)
Milling Machine
Morey
Samuel (1762-1843)
Multitubular Boiler
National Road
Odometer
Patent and Copyright Statutes
Practical Ocean Navigation
Report on Manufactures (1791)
River Steamer
Rumford Fireplace
Rush
Benjamin (1746-1813)
Primary Document: Excerpt from the Medical Writings of Benjamin Rush (1805)
Screw-Cutting Lathe
Slater
Samuel (1768-1835)
Steam Engine
Steam Tractor
Steamboat
Primary Document: Newspaper Announcement of Robert Fulton's Steamboat (1807) and Charles Dickens's Account of His Ride on an American Steamboat (1842)
Submarine
Suspension Bridge
Swivel Chair
Thompson
Benjamin (Count Rumford) (1753-1814)
Three-Piece Iron Plow
Primary Document: Petition to Congress Asking for a Renewal of the Patent on Jethro Wood's Cast-Iron Plow (1846)
Vapor-Compression Refrigerator
Waltham-Lowell Textile System
Wheel Cipher
Primary Document: Excerpts from Thomas Jefferson's Notes on the Wheel Cipher (Undated)
Whitney
Eli (1765-1825)
Primary Document: Letter of Eli Whitney to His Father Regarding the Ginning of Cotton (1793)
Section 3: Antebellum Industrialization and the Civil War (1820-1865)
Overview
Adhesive Tape
Agassiz
Louis (1807-1873)
Primary Document: Excerpt from the Journal of Louis Agassiz Describing a Trip to the United States (1846)
Anesthesia
Ball Bearings and Babbitt Metal
Best Friend Steam Engine
Breast Pump
Brown Truss
Burglar Alarm
Calliope (Steam Organ)
Cannon
Double-Barrel
Primary Document: Excerpt from the Memoirs of Former Confederate General Edward Porter Alexander on "Artillery Hell" at Antietam (1907)
Civil War Medicine (1861-1865)
Primary Document: Report of Medical Director Robert Murray on Union Casualties Suffered at the Battle of Shiloh (1862)
Civil War Nursing
Primary Document: Clara Barton's Poem "The Women Who Went to the Field" (1892)
Clipper Ship
Primary Document: Excerpts from the Journal of Alexander Van Valen Describing His Journey to California via Clipper Ship (1849)
Clothespin
Coal-Mining Technologies
Coil Magnet/Electromagnet
Colgate
William (1783-1857)
Colored Female Free Produce Society
Colt
Samuel (1814-1862)
Colt Revolver
Columbiad Cannon
Combine Harvester
Compact Iron Stove
Conestoga Wagon
Primary Document: Excerpt from John G. Abbott's Recollections of Traveling to California by Wagon Train (1852)
Corn Sheller
Corset
Coston
Martha (1826-1904)
Cowboy Hat (Stetson)
Crumpler
Rebecca (1831-1895)
Cylinder Pin Tumbler Lock
Dahlgren Gun
Deere
John (1804-1886) and Deere and Company
Dental Chair
Detachable Collar
Dix
Dorothea (1802-1887)
Dustpan
Eggbeater
Electric Doorbell
Electric Stove
Electric Street Railway
Elevator Safety Brake
Equatorial Sextant
Field
Cyrus West (1819-1892)
Fire Alarm Call Box
Floating Dry Dock (1849)
Primary Document: Excerpt from Abraham Lincoln's Patent Application for the Floating Dry Dock (1849)
Gas Well
Gold-Mining Technologies
Goodyear
Charles (1800-1860)
Grain Elevator
Gridiron for Cooking
Hand-Cranked Ice Cream Maker
Health Reform
Henry
Joseph (1797-1878)
Hoop Skirt
Horse-Drawn Streetcar
Primary Document: Image of a Horse-Drawn Streetcar (c. 1920)
Hospital Transport Service
Women's Department
Howe
Elias (1819-1867)
Howe Truss
Interchangeable Gun Parts
Inverted Microscope
Jervis
John B. (1795-1885)
Land Mines
Long
Crawford Williamson (1815-1878)
Machine/Gatling Gun
Mason Jar
Maynard
Edward (1813-1891)
Maynard Carbine
McCormick
Cyrus (1809-1884)
Primary Document: Letter of Robert E. Lee to Cyrus McCormick Regarding the Curriculum at Washington College (1865)
Mechanical Reaper
Merrick
Solymon (1806-1852)
Military Technology (Civil War)
Mitchell
Maria (1818-1889)
Morse
Samuel F. B. (1791-1872)
Morse Code
National Academy of Sciences (NAS)
Nightingale Plan
North
Simeon (1765-1852)
Omnibus System
Papermaking Machine
Pencil Eraser
Pepper (and Salt) Shaker
Perkins
Jacob (1766-1849)
Platform Scale
Polished Steel Plow
Printing
Printing Telegraph
Pullman
George Mortimer (1831-1897)
Railroad T-Rail and Tie
Railroads
Primary Document: Pacific Railway Act (1862)
Ratchet Wrench
Relay
Repeating Rifle
Roller Skates
Rotary Hook (for Sewing Machines)
Rucker Ambulance
Safety Pin
Sewing Machine
Automated
Sewing Pattern
Solar Compass
Spar Torpedo
Steam Locomotive
Steam Shovel
Stevens
Robert Livingston (1787-1856)
Strauss
Levi (1829-1902)
Telegraph
Primary Document: Act Authorizing Construction of a Transcontinental Telegraph (1855)
Ten-Hour Movement
Primary Document: Excerpt from the Preamble and Constitution of the Lowell Female Labor Reform Association (1846)
Toothpaste
Torpedo
Transatlantic Cable
Transverse Shuttle
Twine Knotter
Twist Drill
United States Capitol Building
Construction of
U.S. Sanitary Commission (USSC)
Vulcanization
Walker
Mary (1832-1919)
Western Union Telegraph Company
Zipper
Bibliography: Colonial America to 1865
Index
VOLUME 2: RECONSTRUCTION THROUGH WORLD WAR II Section 1: The Rise of Industrialism
Reconstruction
and the Gilded Age (1866-1900)
Overview
Abbe
Cleveland (1838-1916)
AC Generator and Transformer
Primary Document: American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE) Member Biography for William Stanley (1934)
AC Induction Motor
Primary Document: Nikola Tesla's Patent for an AC Induction Motor (1896)
Adding Machine with Keys
Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America (ACWA)
American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T)
Asphalt
Aspirin
Barbed Wire
Primary Document: Excerpts from an Article on Joseph F. Glidden and the Barb-Wire Industry (1884)
Batteries
Bee Smoker
Primary Document: Excerpt on the Use of a Bee Smoker from Moses Quinby's Mysteries of Bee-Keeping Explained (1853)
Bell
Alexander Graham (1847-1922)
Primary Document: Letter of Alexander Graham Bell to His Parents Describing His Idea for the Telephone (1874)
Berliner
Emile (1851-1929)
Brooklyn Bridge
Camera
Can Opener
Carnegie
Andrew (1836-1919)
Carnegie Steel Mill
Primary Document: Correspondence of Andrew Carnegie and Henry Clay Frick Regarding the Homestead Strike (1892)
Carpet Sweeper
Carver
George Washington (1861-1943)
Primary Document: George Washington Carver Addresses Congress (1921)
Cash Register
Celluloid
Coca-Cola
Cotton Candy Machine
Crayons
Curling Iron
Diner (Horse-Drawn)
Dishwashing Machine
Dow Chemical Company
du Pont
Pierre (1870-1954)
DuPont Company
Duprey
Ana Roqué de (1853-1933)
Duryea
Charles (1861-1938) and Frank (1869-1967)
Earmuffs
Eastman
George (1854-1932)
Eastman Kodak Company
Edison
Thomas (1847-1931)
Electric Iron
Electric Lightbulb
Electricity
War of the Currents
Electrification
Urban
Escalator
Ferris Wheel
Primary Document: Telegrams between Luther Rice and George Ferris Following the Successful Test of the Ferris Wheel (1893)
Folding Cabinet Bed
Primary Document: Patent for Folding Cabinet Bed (1885)
Food Preservation
Fountain Pen
Frasch Process
Gas Transmission
General Electric
Goodrich
B. F. (1841-1888)
Goodyear
Charles
Jr. (1833-1896)
Hallidie
Andrew Smith (1836-1900)
Harvard Computers
Primary Document: Undated Photo of the Harvard Computers
Haynes
Elwood (1857-1925)
Heyl
Henry (1842-1919)
Ice Cream Soda
Inman
George (1895-1972)
Iron Ship with Revolving Turret
Ironing Board
Jeans
Jockstrap
Jones
Amanda T. (1835-1914)
Primary Document: "The Soldier's Mother" by Amanda T. Jones (1867)
Kellogg
William Keith (1860-1951)
Kelly
William (1811-1888)
Kier
Samuel (1813-1874)
Kinematoscope
Knight
Margaret (1838-1914)
Lady Stitchers' Union
Lawn Mower
Reel-Type
Lennox
David (1855-1947)
Linotype Machine
Margarine
Matchbook Matches
Matzeliger
Jan Ernst (1852-1889)
Maxim
Hudson (1853-1927)
Metal Detector
Metal Electrode Weld
Metal Windmill
Military Technology (Post-Civil War through World War I)
Motion Picture Camera
National Consumers League
National Institutes of Health (NIH)
Niagara Falls Power Plant
Primary Document: Excerpt from Nikola Tesla's Commemoration Address for the Niagara Falls Power Plant (1897)
Office Technology (Pre-World War II)
Paper Bag
Paper Clip
Phonograph
Primary Document: Roll Call of Companies at the Phonograph Convention in Chicago (1890)
Photographic Film
Pipe Wrench
Player Piano
Portland Cement Mortar
Punch Card Tabulator
Quadruplex Telegraph
Railroad Refrigerator Car
Railroad Sleeping Car and Pullman Car
Railroad Switch Systems
Richards
Ellen Swallow (1842-1911)
Roebling
Emily (1843-1903)
Primary Document: Photograph of the Promenade on the Brooklyn Bridge (1899)
Roebling
John (1806-1869)
Roll Film
Roller Coaster
Rotary Washing Machine
Rowing Machine
Saccharine
Silo
Skyscraper
Soda Fountain
Spork
Steel Arched Bridge
Stethoscope
Binaural
Stockyards
Primary Document: Photograph of Chicago's Union Stock Yards (1907)
Tape Measure
Taylor
Frederick (1856-1915)
Tesla
Nikola (1856-1943)
Ticker Tape
Tom Thumb Locomotive
Primary Document: John Latrobe's Description of the Tom Thumb Locomotive (1830)
Track-Type Tractor
Transcontinental Railroad
Twine Self-Binding Harvester
Typewriter and QWERTY
Velocipede
Vending Machine
Vibrator
Water Heater
Westinghouse Air Brake
World's Fairs
Wright
Wilbur (1867-1912) and Orville (1871-1948)
Primary Document: Entry from Orville Wright's Diary of December 17
1903
Yerkes Observatory
Section 2: The Progressive Era and the Roaring Twenties (1900-1929)
Overview
Aerosol Spray Can
Airplane
Anderson
Mary (1866-1953)
Assembly Line
Primary Document: Excerpt from Henry Ford's "The First Assembly Line" (1913)
Automobile Technologies (Pre-World War II)
Bakelite
Band-Aid
Bell Telephone Laboratories
Binney & Smith Inc.
Birdseye
Clarence (1886-1956)
Blender
Blodgett
Katherine (1898-1979)
Boeing
William E. (1881-1956)
Bottle-Making Machine
Bread Slicer and Wrapping Machine
Bryant
Alice (1862-1942)
Cannon
Annie Jump (1863-1941)
Carothers
Wallace (1896-1937)
Christmas Tree Lights
Chuck Wagon
de Forest
Lee (1873-1961)
Dickelman
Elizabeth (dates unknown)
Dickerson
Mary Cynthia (1866-1923)
Drew
Charles (1904-1950)
Ductile Tungsten
Einstein
Albert (1879-1955)
Empire State Building
Ford
Henry (1863-1947)
Freon
Galvin
Paul Vincent (1895-1959)
General Motors (GM)
Gilbreth
Lillian (1878-1972)
Gramophone/Victrola
Gumball Machine
Hewitt
Peter C. (1861-1921)
Hoosier Cabinet
Hydroelectric Power
Jacob
Mary Phelps (1891-1970)
Kettering
Charles F. (1876-1958)
Lie Detector
Life Savers Candy
Marsh
Albert L. (1877-1944)
McKnight
William L. (1887-1978)
Midgley
Thomas (1889-1944)
Morgan
Garrett (1877-1963)
Motorcycle (Pre-World War II)
National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA)
Noether
Amalie Emmy (1882-1935)
Olds
Ransom Eli (1864-1950)
Panama Canal
Primary Document: Excerpt from President Theodore Roosevelt's Message to Congress After Returning from the Canal Zone in Panama (1906)
Pennington
Mary Engle (1872-1952)
Petroleum Industry (Pre-World War II)
Pop-Up Toaster
Pushpin
Radio
Primary Document: "Radio's Real Uses" by E. E. Free
Science Editor for The Forum (1926)
Rocky Mountain Laboratories
Safety Razor
Scotch Tape
Subway System of New York City
Talking Movies
Traffic Light
Electric
Triode Tube
Turbine Engine
Gas Powered
Washing Machine
Electric
Welding
Alternating Current
Welding
Automatic
Section 3: The Great Depression and World War II (1930-1945)
Overview
Alaska Highway
Primary Document: Excerpt from Ruth Gruber's Study of Highway Routes to Alaska (1941)
Atomic Bombs/Nuclear Weapons
Avenger Field
Primary Document: Letters of Mary Anna Martin Wyall
a Pilot Trainee at Avenger Airfield (1944)
B-17 Flying Fortress
Big Science
Blood Transfusion
Bradberry
Henrietta (1903-1979)
Calutron Girls
Clarke
Edith (1883-1959)
Curtiss-Wright Aeronautical Engineering Cadettes
D Rations
Electric Guitar
Fermi
Enrico (1901-1954)
FM Radio
Freeze-Dried Food
Garbage Disposal
Gas Mask
Golden Gate Bridge
Primary Document: Letter of Charles Ellis to the San Francisco Chronicle Regarding the Golden Gate Bridge (1930)
Helicopter
Hoover Dam
Primary Document: President Franklin D. Roosevelt's Speech at the Dedication of Hoover Dam (1935)
Hydrogen Bomb
Hydroponics
International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union (ILGWU)
Primary Document: "The Uprising of the 20
000
" Interstate Highway System
Primary Document: Excerpt from the Federal-Aid Highway Act (1956)
Lamarr
Hedy (1914-2000)
Primary Document: Patent for Hedy Lamarr's Frequency-Hopping System (1942)
Lange
Dorothea (1895-1965)
Lend-Lease Program (1941-1945)
Liberty Ships
M&M's
M4 Sherman Tank
Manhattan Project
Mead
Margaret (1901-1978)
Microwave Oven
Military Technology (World War II)
MIT Radiation Laboratory
Neoprene
Oppenheimer
J. Robert (1904-1967)
Paul
Les (1915-2009)
Penicillin
pH Meter
Photocopier
Pinball and Arcade Games
Plastic Wrap
Radar
Refrigerator
Richter Scale
Rocketry (Pre-Space Age)
Rosie the Riveter
Primary Document: Excerpt from Interview with Maria Isabel Solis (2003)
Schwinger
Julian (1918-1994)
Semple
Ellen Churchill (1863-1932)
SONAR
Submarine Technology
Tampon
Tea Bag
Telephone
Television
Tennessee Valley Authority Electricity Project (TVA)
Thomas
Vivien Theodore (1910-1985)
Tizard Mission
Women's Airforce Service Pilots (WASPs)
Wu
Chien-Shiung (1912-1997)
Bibliography: Reconstruction through World War II
Index
VOLUME 3: THE COLD WAR TO THE PRESENT Section 1: The Cold War (1946-1979)
Overview
911 Emergency System
Agent Orange
"Air" Athletic Shoes
Antiballistic Missiles (ABMs)
Antibiotic
Apollo Project
ARPANET
Aspartame
Association for Women in Mathematics (AWM)
Atari
Automotive Technologies (Post-World War II)
Baer
Ralph (1922-2014)
Primary Document: Excerpt from Ralph Baer's Four-Page Paper Describing His Plans for Simple Video Games (1966)
Bar Code Scanner
Benerito
Ruth Rogan (1916-2013)
Biodiesel
Primary Document: Statement of Anne Steckel
the Vice President of Federal Affairs of the National Biodiesel Board
to the Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works (2016)
Birth Control Pill
Bomb Disposal Robots/Units
Brill
Yvonne Madalaine Claeys (1924-2013)
Primary Document: Yvonne Brill's Patent for New Jet Propulsion Technology (1974)
Brown
Marie Van Brittan (1922-1999)
Bulletproof Vest/Kevlar
Carson
Rachel (1907-1964)
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
Climate Change
CO2 Welding
Commodore 64
Comsat/Intelsat
Curanderas
Dark Matter Science
Dolby Laboratories
Drones
Electric Car
Primary Document: Article from the energy.gov Web Site on Electric Cars (2014)
Enders
John Franklin (1897-1985)
Engelbart
Douglas (1925-2013)
ENIAC and the "ENIAC Girls
" Fortran
Fuller
Richard Buckminster (1895-1983)
Primary Document: Drawing of R. Buckminster Fuller's Geodesic Dome (c. 1933)
Global Positioning System (GPS)
Goeppert-Mayer
Maria (1906-1972)
Graham
Bette (1924-1980)
Hamilton
Margaret (1936-)
Haynes
Martha Euphemia Lofton (1890-1980)
Hopper
Grace (1906-1992)
Hydraulic Fracturing ("Fracking")
Hydrogen Energy
IBM 360 Computer
In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)
Integrated Circuit
Intel Corporation
Jackson
Mary Winston (1921-2005)
Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)
Johnson
Katherine Goble (1918-)
Kilby
Jack (1923-2005)
Kwolek
Stephanie Louise (1923-2014)
Lacks
Henrietta (1920-1951)
Land
Edwin H. (1909-1991)
Lasers
LED Lights
Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) Carrier
Liskov
Barbara (1939-)
M16 Rifle
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
MASER
McClintock
Barbara (1902-1992)
Mercury 13
Military-Industrial Complex
Minsky
Marvin (1927-2016)
Moog
Robert (1934-2005)
Morgan
Mary Sherman (1921-2004)
Nanotechnology
Napalm
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Primary Document: Letter of President Dwight Eisenhower to Keith Glennan
Retiring Administrator for NASA (1960)
National Science Foundation (NSF)
Noyce
Robert (1927-1990)
Primary Document: Personal Interview with Robert Noyce for the IEEE History Center (1975)
Nuclear and Radiation Accidents
Ochoa
Ellen (1958-)
Orshansky
Mollie (1915-2006)
Packet Switching
Particle Accelerator
Primary Document: Press Release Issued by CERN
the European Organization for Nuclear Research (2012)
Pauling
Linus "Carl" (1901-1994)
Permanent Press Fabric
Petroleum Industry (Post-World War II)
Plasma Arc Welding
Plastics
Polaroids
Polio Vaccine
Pong
Portable Transistor Radio
Rocket Girls of JPL
Primary Document: Press Release Announcing Eleanor F. Helin's Naming to the Women in Science and Technology International (WITI) Hall of Fame (1998)
Rogallo
Francis Melvin (1912-2009)
Sabin
Albert B. (1906-1993)
Salk
Jonas (1914-1995)
Satellites and Space Probes
Sherman
Patsy O'Connell (1930-2008)
Shippingport Atomic Power Station
Silent Spring (1962)
Silicon Valley
Single-Chip Microprocessor
Skylab
Skywalker Ranch
Smallpox
Eradication of
Smoke Detector
Primary Document: Chris P. Borreson's Account of the Iroquois Theater Fire (1904)
Space Science and Technology
Primary Document: Account of Astronaut David Alexander Wolf Voting in Space (1997)
Stealth Technologies
Superconductivity
Taussig
Helen (1898-1986)
Telephone Switching
Computerized
Thomas
Valerie (1943-)
Touch-Tone Phones
Trans-Alaska Pipeline
Primary Document: Bill to Reform the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System Authorization Act (1989)
Transistor Radio
TV Dinner
Unimate/Industrial Robot
Universal Automatic Computer (UNIVAC)
Vaccines
Vaughan
Dorothy (1910-2008)
Vocoder
Voyager Spacecraft
Wise
Brownie (1913-1992)
Xerox Corporation
Primary Document: Patent for Xerography (1956)
Yalow
Rosalyn Sussman (1921-2011)
Section 2: The Post-Cold War Era (1980-1999)
Overview
AIDS Research
Primary Document: Introduction to the AIDS Archive by Former Surgeon General C. Everett Koop
Apple
Apple II
Artificial Heart
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Berners-Lee
Tim (1955-)
Boston Tunnel
CD and DVD
CD-ROM
Computer/Information Technology
Cray
Seymour (1925-1996)
Dell
Michael "Saul" (1965-)
Digital Photography
Primary Document: Excerpt from the Patent for Kodak's Digital Camera (1978)
Elion
Gertrude (1918-1999)
Floppy Disk
Fossey
Dian (1932-1985)
Gates
Bill (1955-)
Genetic Engineering
Gosling
James (1955-)
IBM Personal Computer
Infant Formula
Insulin Pump
Internet
Jobs
Steve (1955-2011)
Kare
Susan (1954-)
Laser Cataract Surgery Device
Metcalfe
Robert (1946-)
Microchip
Microsoft
Mobile Phone
Nuclear Energy/Nuclear Power Plants
Open-Source Software
Perlman
Radia (1951-)
Personal Computer (PC)
Ride
Sally (1951-2012)
Ritchie
Dennis (1941-2011)
Primary Document: Abstract for "The Development of the C Language" by Dennis Ritchie (1993)
Robotic Surgery
Primary Document: Letter from Elizabeth A. Kage
Acting District Director of the FDA
to Gary S. Guthart
President of Intuitive Surgical Inc.
on the Regulation of Robotic Surgery (2013)
Satellite Radio
Self-Driving Cars
SEMATECH
Solar Energy
Space Shuttle
Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)
Sustainable Agriculture
Wind Energy
Wozniak
Steve (1950-)
Section 3: The New Millennium (2000-Present)
Overview
Airplane Deicer
Amazon Web Services
Amazon.com
Artificial Memories
Bashen
Janet (1957-)
Birth Control Patch
Blizzard Entertainment
Cancer Research
Cassini Saturn Mission
Drake Equation
e-Book and e-Reader
e-Sports
Gene Patenting
Genetically Modified Foods
Google Earth
Grandin
Temple (1947-)
Hawking
Stephen (1942-2018)
Hubble Space Telescope
Human Genome Project
Hybrid Vehicles
Hypertext
International Space Station
Intraocular Contact Lens
iPod
Java
Primary Document: Interview with James Gosling
the Creator of Java (2001)
Jemison
Mae (1956-)
Joystick/Flight Simulator
Kurzweil
Ray (1948-)
Linux
Maker Faire
March for Science
Mars Rover Series
MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface)
Moore
Ann (1934-)
MP3
Negroponte
Nicholas (1943-)
Netscape
Nye
Bill (1955-)
One Laptop per Child
PayPal
PGP Encryption
Quantum Science
RFID Labels
RU-486/Plan B
Science Friday
SETI (Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence)
Smartphone and 3G Network
Tarter
Jill (1944-)
Thompson
Ken (1943-)
Primary Document: Interview with Ken Thompson
Inventor of the UNIX System (2011)
3-D Printing
TOR (The Onion Router)
Torvalds
Linus (1969-)
Tyson
Neil deGrasse (1958-)
Video Game
Video Streaming Services
Virtual Reality (VR)
Wang
An (1920-1990)
Williams
Roberta (1953-) and Ken (1954-)
Wireless Communication
YouTube
Bibliography: The Cold War to the Present
Editors and Contributors
Index
Chronology
Section 1: Colonial America and Enlightenment Science
Overview
American Philosophical Society
Primary Document: Memorial of the American Philosophical Society Favoring an Exploration of the Alaskan Coast (1868)
Astronomical Almanacs
Primary Document: Aphorisms from Poor Richard's Almanack (1732-1758)
Banneker
Benjamin (1731-1806)
Primary Document: Letter of Thomas Jefferson to Benjamin Banneker
Expressing Jefferson's Belief That Blacks Had Talents Equal to Other Races (1791)
Primary Document: Frontispiece of Benjamin Banneker's Pennsylvania
Delaware
Maryland and Virginia Almanack and Ephemeris (1792)
Bifocals
Primary Document: Benjamin Franklin's Letter Describing His Invention of Bifocals (1725)
Bushnell
David (1740-c. 1824)
Primary Document: Engraving of David Bushnell's American Turtle (1775)
Colden
Jane (1724-1766)
Daylight Saving Time
Extension Arm (Long Arm)
Fire Safety
Flexible Catheter
Food Production
Native American
Franklin
Benjamin (1706-1790)
Primary Document: Letter of Benjamin Franklin Describing His Experiments with Electricity (c. 1750)
Franklin Stove
Primary Document: Excerpt from Benjamin Franklin's An Account of the New Invented Pennsylvanian Fire-Places (1744)
Glass Harmonica (Armonica)
Primary Document: Excerpt of Benjamin Franklin's Letter to Father Giambatista Beccaria Describing the Glass Harmonica (1762)
Glover
Elizabeth (d. 1643)
Godfrey
Thomas (1704-1749)
Iron- and Silversmithing
Kentucky Long Rifle
Lightning Rod
Primary Document: Frontispiece and Title Page of Benjamin Franklin's Experiments and Observations on Electricity (1774)
Loom
Primary Document: Excerpts from the Diary of Martha Ballard Describing Home Weaving (1787)
Lucas
Eliza (1722-1793)
Primary Document: Letter of Eliza Lucas to Her Father (1741)
Masters
Sybilla (c. 1675-1720)
Mather
Cotton (1663-1728)
Natural History
Onesimus (fl. 1706-1716)
Peale
Charles Willson (1741-1827)
Primary Document: Letter of Charles Willson Peale to Thomas Jefferson Regarding New Agricultural Inventions and Innovations (1815)
Priestley
Joseph (1733-1804)
Rittenhouse
David (1732-1796)
Primary Document: Letter of Thomas Jefferson to David Rittenhouse (1778)
"Saugus Pot
" Schooner
Smallpox Inoculation
Primary Document: George Washington's Order for All Soldiers to Receive a Smallpox Inoculation (1778) and Letter of Edward Rowse to Thomas Jefferson Suggesting the Possibility of Vaccines for Other Diseases (1805)
Spinning Wheel
Primary Document: An "Address to the Ladies" Urging American Women to Boycott British Goods (1767)
Street Lighting
Swim Fins
Three-Wheel Clock
Primary Document: James Ferguson's Description of Benjamin Franklin's Three-Wheel Clock (1773)
Turtle Submarine
Primary Document: Letter of David Bushnell to Thomas Jefferson Regarding Bushnell's Experiments with Submarines (1787)
Whiton
David Erskine (1825-1904)
Winthrop
John (1714-1779)
Primary Document: John Winthrop Describes His Observation of the Planet Venus (1761)
Section 2: The New Republic and the Market Economy (1780-1820)
Overview
Amphibious Steam Vehicle
Primary Document: Image of an Amphibious Steam Vehicle (1834)
Apple Parers
Primary Document: Apple Parer Patent Document Image (1836)
Babbitt
Sarah "Tabitha" (1779-1853)
Ballard
Martha (1735-1812)
Banjo Clock
Blackwell
Elizabeth (1821-1910)
Primary Document: Excerpts from "Address on the Medical Education of Women" by Elizabeth and Emily Blackwell (1863)
Burr Truss Bridge
Canals
Canning Factory
Charting the Gulf Stream
Circular Saw
Coffee Percolator
Cotton Gin
Cotton Sewing Thread
Dental Floss
Diffraction Grating
Erie Canal
Primary Document: Letter of Robert Fulton to George Washington Urging Him to Support the Construction of Canals (1797)
Evans
Oliver (1755-1819)
Primary Document: Letters from Oliver Evans to Thomas Jefferson (1804
1808)
Fire Hydrant
Primary Document: Account of the Detroit Fire (1805)
Fitch
John (1743-1798)
Flatboat
Fulton
Robert (1765-1815)
Gas Tungsten Arc Welding
Greene
Catharine Littlefield (1755-1814)
High-Pressure Steam Engine
Interchangeable Parts
Internal Combustion Engine
Jefferson
Thomas (1743-1826)
Lewis and Clark Expedition (1804-1806)
Primary Document: Excerpts from the Journal of the Lewis and Clark Expedition (1805
1806)
Lobster Trap
Lowell Mill System
Primary Document: Description of the Life of a Mill Girl from the Lowell Offering (1845)
Milling Machine
Morey
Samuel (1762-1843)
Multitubular Boiler
National Road
Odometer
Patent and Copyright Statutes
Practical Ocean Navigation
Report on Manufactures (1791)
River Steamer
Rumford Fireplace
Rush
Benjamin (1746-1813)
Primary Document: Excerpt from the Medical Writings of Benjamin Rush (1805)
Screw-Cutting Lathe
Slater
Samuel (1768-1835)
Steam Engine
Steam Tractor
Steamboat
Primary Document: Newspaper Announcement of Robert Fulton's Steamboat (1807) and Charles Dickens's Account of His Ride on an American Steamboat (1842)
Submarine
Suspension Bridge
Swivel Chair
Thompson
Benjamin (Count Rumford) (1753-1814)
Three-Piece Iron Plow
Primary Document: Petition to Congress Asking for a Renewal of the Patent on Jethro Wood's Cast-Iron Plow (1846)
Vapor-Compression Refrigerator
Waltham-Lowell Textile System
Wheel Cipher
Primary Document: Excerpts from Thomas Jefferson's Notes on the Wheel Cipher (Undated)
Whitney
Eli (1765-1825)
Primary Document: Letter of Eli Whitney to His Father Regarding the Ginning of Cotton (1793)
Section 3: Antebellum Industrialization and the Civil War (1820-1865)
Overview
Adhesive Tape
Agassiz
Louis (1807-1873)
Primary Document: Excerpt from the Journal of Louis Agassiz Describing a Trip to the United States (1846)
Anesthesia
Ball Bearings and Babbitt Metal
Best Friend Steam Engine
Breast Pump
Brown Truss
Burglar Alarm
Calliope (Steam Organ)
Cannon
Double-Barrel
Primary Document: Excerpt from the Memoirs of Former Confederate General Edward Porter Alexander on "Artillery Hell" at Antietam (1907)
Civil War Medicine (1861-1865)
Primary Document: Report of Medical Director Robert Murray on Union Casualties Suffered at the Battle of Shiloh (1862)
Civil War Nursing
Primary Document: Clara Barton's Poem "The Women Who Went to the Field" (1892)
Clipper Ship
Primary Document: Excerpts from the Journal of Alexander Van Valen Describing His Journey to California via Clipper Ship (1849)
Clothespin
Coal-Mining Technologies
Coil Magnet/Electromagnet
Colgate
William (1783-1857)
Colored Female Free Produce Society
Colt
Samuel (1814-1862)
Colt Revolver
Columbiad Cannon
Combine Harvester
Compact Iron Stove
Conestoga Wagon
Primary Document: Excerpt from John G. Abbott's Recollections of Traveling to California by Wagon Train (1852)
Corn Sheller
Corset
Coston
Martha (1826-1904)
Cowboy Hat (Stetson)
Crumpler
Rebecca (1831-1895)
Cylinder Pin Tumbler Lock
Dahlgren Gun
Deere
John (1804-1886) and Deere and Company
Dental Chair
Detachable Collar
Dix
Dorothea (1802-1887)
Dustpan
Eggbeater
Electric Doorbell
Electric Stove
Electric Street Railway
Elevator Safety Brake
Equatorial Sextant
Field
Cyrus West (1819-1892)
Fire Alarm Call Box
Floating Dry Dock (1849)
Primary Document: Excerpt from Abraham Lincoln's Patent Application for the Floating Dry Dock (1849)
Gas Well
Gold-Mining Technologies
Goodyear
Charles (1800-1860)
Grain Elevator
Gridiron for Cooking
Hand-Cranked Ice Cream Maker
Health Reform
Henry
Joseph (1797-1878)
Hoop Skirt
Horse-Drawn Streetcar
Primary Document: Image of a Horse-Drawn Streetcar (c. 1920)
Hospital Transport Service
Women's Department
Howe
Elias (1819-1867)
Howe Truss
Interchangeable Gun Parts
Inverted Microscope
Jervis
John B. (1795-1885)
Land Mines
Long
Crawford Williamson (1815-1878)
Machine/Gatling Gun
Mason Jar
Maynard
Edward (1813-1891)
Maynard Carbine
McCormick
Cyrus (1809-1884)
Primary Document: Letter of Robert E. Lee to Cyrus McCormick Regarding the Curriculum at Washington College (1865)
Mechanical Reaper
Merrick
Solymon (1806-1852)
Military Technology (Civil War)
Mitchell
Maria (1818-1889)
Morse
Samuel F. B. (1791-1872)
Morse Code
National Academy of Sciences (NAS)
Nightingale Plan
North
Simeon (1765-1852)
Omnibus System
Papermaking Machine
Pencil Eraser
Pepper (and Salt) Shaker
Perkins
Jacob (1766-1849)
Platform Scale
Polished Steel Plow
Printing
Printing Telegraph
Pullman
George Mortimer (1831-1897)
Railroad T-Rail and Tie
Railroads
Primary Document: Pacific Railway Act (1862)
Ratchet Wrench
Relay
Repeating Rifle
Roller Skates
Rotary Hook (for Sewing Machines)
Rucker Ambulance
Safety Pin
Sewing Machine
Automated
Sewing Pattern
Solar Compass
Spar Torpedo
Steam Locomotive
Steam Shovel
Stevens
Robert Livingston (1787-1856)
Strauss
Levi (1829-1902)
Telegraph
Primary Document: Act Authorizing Construction of a Transcontinental Telegraph (1855)
Ten-Hour Movement
Primary Document: Excerpt from the Preamble and Constitution of the Lowell Female Labor Reform Association (1846)
Toothpaste
Torpedo
Transatlantic Cable
Transverse Shuttle
Twine Knotter
Twist Drill
United States Capitol Building
Construction of
U.S. Sanitary Commission (USSC)
Vulcanization
Walker
Mary (1832-1919)
Western Union Telegraph Company
Zipper
Bibliography: Colonial America to 1865
Index
VOLUME 2: RECONSTRUCTION THROUGH WORLD WAR II Section 1: The Rise of Industrialism
Reconstruction
and the Gilded Age (1866-1900)
Overview
Abbe
Cleveland (1838-1916)
AC Generator and Transformer
Primary Document: American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE) Member Biography for William Stanley (1934)
AC Induction Motor
Primary Document: Nikola Tesla's Patent for an AC Induction Motor (1896)
Adding Machine with Keys
Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America (ACWA)
American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T)
Asphalt
Aspirin
Barbed Wire
Primary Document: Excerpts from an Article on Joseph F. Glidden and the Barb-Wire Industry (1884)
Batteries
Bee Smoker
Primary Document: Excerpt on the Use of a Bee Smoker from Moses Quinby's Mysteries of Bee-Keeping Explained (1853)
Bell
Alexander Graham (1847-1922)
Primary Document: Letter of Alexander Graham Bell to His Parents Describing His Idea for the Telephone (1874)
Berliner
Emile (1851-1929)
Brooklyn Bridge
Camera
Can Opener
Carnegie
Andrew (1836-1919)
Carnegie Steel Mill
Primary Document: Correspondence of Andrew Carnegie and Henry Clay Frick Regarding the Homestead Strike (1892)
Carpet Sweeper
Carver
George Washington (1861-1943)
Primary Document: George Washington Carver Addresses Congress (1921)
Cash Register
Celluloid
Coca-Cola
Cotton Candy Machine
Crayons
Curling Iron
Diner (Horse-Drawn)
Dishwashing Machine
Dow Chemical Company
du Pont
Pierre (1870-1954)
DuPont Company
Duprey
Ana Roqué de (1853-1933)
Duryea
Charles (1861-1938) and Frank (1869-1967)
Earmuffs
Eastman
George (1854-1932)
Eastman Kodak Company
Edison
Thomas (1847-1931)
Electric Iron
Electric Lightbulb
Electricity
War of the Currents
Electrification
Urban
Escalator
Ferris Wheel
Primary Document: Telegrams between Luther Rice and George Ferris Following the Successful Test of the Ferris Wheel (1893)
Folding Cabinet Bed
Primary Document: Patent for Folding Cabinet Bed (1885)
Food Preservation
Fountain Pen
Frasch Process
Gas Transmission
General Electric
Goodrich
B. F. (1841-1888)
Goodyear
Charles
Jr. (1833-1896)
Hallidie
Andrew Smith (1836-1900)
Harvard Computers
Primary Document: Undated Photo of the Harvard Computers
Haynes
Elwood (1857-1925)
Heyl
Henry (1842-1919)
Ice Cream Soda
Inman
George (1895-1972)
Iron Ship with Revolving Turret
Ironing Board
Jeans
Jockstrap
Jones
Amanda T. (1835-1914)
Primary Document: "The Soldier's Mother" by Amanda T. Jones (1867)
Kellogg
William Keith (1860-1951)
Kelly
William (1811-1888)
Kier
Samuel (1813-1874)
Kinematoscope
Knight
Margaret (1838-1914)
Lady Stitchers' Union
Lawn Mower
Reel-Type
Lennox
David (1855-1947)
Linotype Machine
Margarine
Matchbook Matches
Matzeliger
Jan Ernst (1852-1889)
Maxim
Hudson (1853-1927)
Metal Detector
Metal Electrode Weld
Metal Windmill
Military Technology (Post-Civil War through World War I)
Motion Picture Camera
National Consumers League
National Institutes of Health (NIH)
Niagara Falls Power Plant
Primary Document: Excerpt from Nikola Tesla's Commemoration Address for the Niagara Falls Power Plant (1897)
Office Technology (Pre-World War II)
Paper Bag
Paper Clip
Phonograph
Primary Document: Roll Call of Companies at the Phonograph Convention in Chicago (1890)
Photographic Film
Pipe Wrench
Player Piano
Portland Cement Mortar
Punch Card Tabulator
Quadruplex Telegraph
Railroad Refrigerator Car
Railroad Sleeping Car and Pullman Car
Railroad Switch Systems
Richards
Ellen Swallow (1842-1911)
Roebling
Emily (1843-1903)
Primary Document: Photograph of the Promenade on the Brooklyn Bridge (1899)
Roebling
John (1806-1869)
Roll Film
Roller Coaster
Rotary Washing Machine
Rowing Machine
Saccharine
Silo
Skyscraper
Soda Fountain
Spork
Steel Arched Bridge
Stethoscope
Binaural
Stockyards
Primary Document: Photograph of Chicago's Union Stock Yards (1907)
Tape Measure
Taylor
Frederick (1856-1915)
Tesla
Nikola (1856-1943)
Ticker Tape
Tom Thumb Locomotive
Primary Document: John Latrobe's Description of the Tom Thumb Locomotive (1830)
Track-Type Tractor
Transcontinental Railroad
Twine Self-Binding Harvester
Typewriter and QWERTY
Velocipede
Vending Machine
Vibrator
Water Heater
Westinghouse Air Brake
World's Fairs
Wright
Wilbur (1867-1912) and Orville (1871-1948)
Primary Document: Entry from Orville Wright's Diary of December 17
1903
Yerkes Observatory
Section 2: The Progressive Era and the Roaring Twenties (1900-1929)
Overview
Aerosol Spray Can
Airplane
Anderson
Mary (1866-1953)
Assembly Line
Primary Document: Excerpt from Henry Ford's "The First Assembly Line" (1913)
Automobile Technologies (Pre-World War II)
Bakelite
Band-Aid
Bell Telephone Laboratories
Binney & Smith Inc.
Birdseye
Clarence (1886-1956)
Blender
Blodgett
Katherine (1898-1979)
Boeing
William E. (1881-1956)
Bottle-Making Machine
Bread Slicer and Wrapping Machine
Bryant
Alice (1862-1942)
Cannon
Annie Jump (1863-1941)
Carothers
Wallace (1896-1937)
Christmas Tree Lights
Chuck Wagon
de Forest
Lee (1873-1961)
Dickelman
Elizabeth (dates unknown)
Dickerson
Mary Cynthia (1866-1923)
Drew
Charles (1904-1950)
Ductile Tungsten
Einstein
Albert (1879-1955)
Empire State Building
Ford
Henry (1863-1947)
Freon
Galvin
Paul Vincent (1895-1959)
General Motors (GM)
Gilbreth
Lillian (1878-1972)
Gramophone/Victrola
Gumball Machine
Hewitt
Peter C. (1861-1921)
Hoosier Cabinet
Hydroelectric Power
Jacob
Mary Phelps (1891-1970)
Kettering
Charles F. (1876-1958)
Lie Detector
Life Savers Candy
Marsh
Albert L. (1877-1944)
McKnight
William L. (1887-1978)
Midgley
Thomas (1889-1944)
Morgan
Garrett (1877-1963)
Motorcycle (Pre-World War II)
National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA)
Noether
Amalie Emmy (1882-1935)
Olds
Ransom Eli (1864-1950)
Panama Canal
Primary Document: Excerpt from President Theodore Roosevelt's Message to Congress After Returning from the Canal Zone in Panama (1906)
Pennington
Mary Engle (1872-1952)
Petroleum Industry (Pre-World War II)
Pop-Up Toaster
Pushpin
Radio
Primary Document: "Radio's Real Uses" by E. E. Free
Science Editor for The Forum (1926)
Rocky Mountain Laboratories
Safety Razor
Scotch Tape
Subway System of New York City
Talking Movies
Traffic Light
Electric
Triode Tube
Turbine Engine
Gas Powered
Washing Machine
Electric
Welding
Alternating Current
Welding
Automatic
Section 3: The Great Depression and World War II (1930-1945)
Overview
Alaska Highway
Primary Document: Excerpt from Ruth Gruber's Study of Highway Routes to Alaska (1941)
Atomic Bombs/Nuclear Weapons
Avenger Field
Primary Document: Letters of Mary Anna Martin Wyall
a Pilot Trainee at Avenger Airfield (1944)
B-17 Flying Fortress
Big Science
Blood Transfusion
Bradberry
Henrietta (1903-1979)
Calutron Girls
Clarke
Edith (1883-1959)
Curtiss-Wright Aeronautical Engineering Cadettes
D Rations
Electric Guitar
Fermi
Enrico (1901-1954)
FM Radio
Freeze-Dried Food
Garbage Disposal
Gas Mask
Golden Gate Bridge
Primary Document: Letter of Charles Ellis to the San Francisco Chronicle Regarding the Golden Gate Bridge (1930)
Helicopter
Hoover Dam
Primary Document: President Franklin D. Roosevelt's Speech at the Dedication of Hoover Dam (1935)
Hydrogen Bomb
Hydroponics
International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union (ILGWU)
Primary Document: "The Uprising of the 20
000
" Interstate Highway System
Primary Document: Excerpt from the Federal-Aid Highway Act (1956)
Lamarr
Hedy (1914-2000)
Primary Document: Patent for Hedy Lamarr's Frequency-Hopping System (1942)
Lange
Dorothea (1895-1965)
Lend-Lease Program (1941-1945)
Liberty Ships
M&M's
M4 Sherman Tank
Manhattan Project
Mead
Margaret (1901-1978)
Microwave Oven
Military Technology (World War II)
MIT Radiation Laboratory
Neoprene
Oppenheimer
J. Robert (1904-1967)
Paul
Les (1915-2009)
Penicillin
pH Meter
Photocopier
Pinball and Arcade Games
Plastic Wrap
Radar
Refrigerator
Richter Scale
Rocketry (Pre-Space Age)
Rosie the Riveter
Primary Document: Excerpt from Interview with Maria Isabel Solis (2003)
Schwinger
Julian (1918-1994)
Semple
Ellen Churchill (1863-1932)
SONAR
Submarine Technology
Tampon
Tea Bag
Telephone
Television
Tennessee Valley Authority Electricity Project (TVA)
Thomas
Vivien Theodore (1910-1985)
Tizard Mission
Women's Airforce Service Pilots (WASPs)
Wu
Chien-Shiung (1912-1997)
Bibliography: Reconstruction through World War II
Index
VOLUME 3: THE COLD WAR TO THE PRESENT Section 1: The Cold War (1946-1979)
Overview
911 Emergency System
Agent Orange
"Air" Athletic Shoes
Antiballistic Missiles (ABMs)
Antibiotic
Apollo Project
ARPANET
Aspartame
Association for Women in Mathematics (AWM)
Atari
Automotive Technologies (Post-World War II)
Baer
Ralph (1922-2014)
Primary Document: Excerpt from Ralph Baer's Four-Page Paper Describing His Plans for Simple Video Games (1966)
Bar Code Scanner
Benerito
Ruth Rogan (1916-2013)
Biodiesel
Primary Document: Statement of Anne Steckel
the Vice President of Federal Affairs of the National Biodiesel Board
to the Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works (2016)
Birth Control Pill
Bomb Disposal Robots/Units
Brill
Yvonne Madalaine Claeys (1924-2013)
Primary Document: Yvonne Brill's Patent for New Jet Propulsion Technology (1974)
Brown
Marie Van Brittan (1922-1999)
Bulletproof Vest/Kevlar
Carson
Rachel (1907-1964)
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
Climate Change
CO2 Welding
Commodore 64
Comsat/Intelsat
Curanderas
Dark Matter Science
Dolby Laboratories
Drones
Electric Car
Primary Document: Article from the energy.gov Web Site on Electric Cars (2014)
Enders
John Franklin (1897-1985)
Engelbart
Douglas (1925-2013)
ENIAC and the "ENIAC Girls
" Fortran
Fuller
Richard Buckminster (1895-1983)
Primary Document: Drawing of R. Buckminster Fuller's Geodesic Dome (c. 1933)
Global Positioning System (GPS)
Goeppert-Mayer
Maria (1906-1972)
Graham
Bette (1924-1980)
Hamilton
Margaret (1936-)
Haynes
Martha Euphemia Lofton (1890-1980)
Hopper
Grace (1906-1992)
Hydraulic Fracturing ("Fracking")
Hydrogen Energy
IBM 360 Computer
In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)
Integrated Circuit
Intel Corporation
Jackson
Mary Winston (1921-2005)
Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)
Johnson
Katherine Goble (1918-)
Kilby
Jack (1923-2005)
Kwolek
Stephanie Louise (1923-2014)
Lacks
Henrietta (1920-1951)
Land
Edwin H. (1909-1991)
Lasers
LED Lights
Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) Carrier
Liskov
Barbara (1939-)
M16 Rifle
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
MASER
McClintock
Barbara (1902-1992)
Mercury 13
Military-Industrial Complex
Minsky
Marvin (1927-2016)
Moog
Robert (1934-2005)
Morgan
Mary Sherman (1921-2004)
Nanotechnology
Napalm
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Primary Document: Letter of President Dwight Eisenhower to Keith Glennan
Retiring Administrator for NASA (1960)
National Science Foundation (NSF)
Noyce
Robert (1927-1990)
Primary Document: Personal Interview with Robert Noyce for the IEEE History Center (1975)
Nuclear and Radiation Accidents
Ochoa
Ellen (1958-)
Orshansky
Mollie (1915-2006)
Packet Switching
Particle Accelerator
Primary Document: Press Release Issued by CERN
the European Organization for Nuclear Research (2012)
Pauling
Linus "Carl" (1901-1994)
Permanent Press Fabric
Petroleum Industry (Post-World War II)
Plasma Arc Welding
Plastics
Polaroids
Polio Vaccine
Pong
Portable Transistor Radio
Rocket Girls of JPL
Primary Document: Press Release Announcing Eleanor F. Helin's Naming to the Women in Science and Technology International (WITI) Hall of Fame (1998)
Rogallo
Francis Melvin (1912-2009)
Sabin
Albert B. (1906-1993)
Salk
Jonas (1914-1995)
Satellites and Space Probes
Sherman
Patsy O'Connell (1930-2008)
Shippingport Atomic Power Station
Silent Spring (1962)
Silicon Valley
Single-Chip Microprocessor
Skylab
Skywalker Ranch
Smallpox
Eradication of
Smoke Detector
Primary Document: Chris P. Borreson's Account of the Iroquois Theater Fire (1904)
Space Science and Technology
Primary Document: Account of Astronaut David Alexander Wolf Voting in Space (1997)
Stealth Technologies
Superconductivity
Taussig
Helen (1898-1986)
Telephone Switching
Computerized
Thomas
Valerie (1943-)
Touch-Tone Phones
Trans-Alaska Pipeline
Primary Document: Bill to Reform the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System Authorization Act (1989)
Transistor Radio
TV Dinner
Unimate/Industrial Robot
Universal Automatic Computer (UNIVAC)
Vaccines
Vaughan
Dorothy (1910-2008)
Vocoder
Voyager Spacecraft
Wise
Brownie (1913-1992)
Xerox Corporation
Primary Document: Patent for Xerography (1956)
Yalow
Rosalyn Sussman (1921-2011)
Section 2: The Post-Cold War Era (1980-1999)
Overview
AIDS Research
Primary Document: Introduction to the AIDS Archive by Former Surgeon General C. Everett Koop
Apple
Apple II
Artificial Heart
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Berners-Lee
Tim (1955-)
Boston Tunnel
CD and DVD
CD-ROM
Computer/Information Technology
Cray
Seymour (1925-1996)
Dell
Michael "Saul" (1965-)
Digital Photography
Primary Document: Excerpt from the Patent for Kodak's Digital Camera (1978)
Elion
Gertrude (1918-1999)
Floppy Disk
Fossey
Dian (1932-1985)
Gates
Bill (1955-)
Genetic Engineering
Gosling
James (1955-)
IBM Personal Computer
Infant Formula
Insulin Pump
Internet
Jobs
Steve (1955-2011)
Kare
Susan (1954-)
Laser Cataract Surgery Device
Metcalfe
Robert (1946-)
Microchip
Microsoft
Mobile Phone
Nuclear Energy/Nuclear Power Plants
Open-Source Software
Perlman
Radia (1951-)
Personal Computer (PC)
Ride
Sally (1951-2012)
Ritchie
Dennis (1941-2011)
Primary Document: Abstract for "The Development of the C Language" by Dennis Ritchie (1993)
Robotic Surgery
Primary Document: Letter from Elizabeth A. Kage
Acting District Director of the FDA
to Gary S. Guthart
President of Intuitive Surgical Inc.
on the Regulation of Robotic Surgery (2013)
Satellite Radio
Self-Driving Cars
SEMATECH
Solar Energy
Space Shuttle
Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)
Sustainable Agriculture
Wind Energy
Wozniak
Steve (1950-)
Section 3: The New Millennium (2000-Present)
Overview
Airplane Deicer
Amazon Web Services
Amazon.com
Artificial Memories
Bashen
Janet (1957-)
Birth Control Patch
Blizzard Entertainment
Cancer Research
Cassini Saturn Mission
Drake Equation
e-Book and e-Reader
e-Sports
Gene Patenting
Genetically Modified Foods
Google Earth
Grandin
Temple (1947-)
Hawking
Stephen (1942-2018)
Hubble Space Telescope
Human Genome Project
Hybrid Vehicles
Hypertext
International Space Station
Intraocular Contact Lens
iPod
Java
Primary Document: Interview with James Gosling
the Creator of Java (2001)
Jemison
Mae (1956-)
Joystick/Flight Simulator
Kurzweil
Ray (1948-)
Linux
Maker Faire
March for Science
Mars Rover Series
MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface)
Moore
Ann (1934-)
MP3
Negroponte
Nicholas (1943-)
Netscape
Nye
Bill (1955-)
One Laptop per Child
PayPal
PGP Encryption
Quantum Science
RFID Labels
RU-486/Plan B
Science Friday
SETI (Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence)
Smartphone and 3G Network
Tarter
Jill (1944-)
Thompson
Ken (1943-)
Primary Document: Interview with Ken Thompson
Inventor of the UNIX System (2011)
3-D Printing
TOR (The Onion Router)
Torvalds
Linus (1969-)
Tyson
Neil deGrasse (1958-)
Video Game
Video Streaming Services
Virtual Reality (VR)
Wang
An (1920-1990)
Williams
Roberta (1953-) and Ken (1954-)
Wireless Communication
YouTube
Bibliography: The Cold War to the Present
Editors and Contributors
Index