The typology of research in the activistic paradigm is proposed in the monograph, and the essential characteristics of the activistic approach to the study of self-consciousness are analyzed. The necessity of developing a new logic of the activistic approach, which differs from the rationalistic-substantialist one and has a polyphonic-creative character, is substantiated. The present monograph is the beginning of a series of works related to the solution of an important interdisciplinary problem - the creation of a methodology of the activity approach to consciousness in the innovative development environment, which is adequate to the Russian specifics. The author is particularly interested in the analysis of nanotechnology as an absolutely qualitatively new sphere of creative and constructive human activity. The author considers the statement and analysis of theoretical problems, carried out in the work, as an important stage of a wide research program, the implementation of which will create the basis for joint participation of philosophers and economists in the expertise of socio-economic and innovative development.