The discovery of adenoviruses naturally induced a new interest in viruses of the human upper respiratory tract since previously unknown viruses infecting this portion of the human body had not been identified in 20 years, and their unique characteristics stimulated investigations into the biochemical events essential for replication of animal viruses. Indeed, the field of molecular virology has evolved during the period since their dis covery, and adenoviruses have played a major role in this development. The exciting discoveries made with adenoviruses have had such a pro found effect on…mehr
The discovery of adenoviruses naturally induced a new interest in viruses of the human upper respiratory tract since previously unknown viruses infecting this portion of the human body had not been identified in 20 years, and their unique characteristics stimulated investigations into the biochemical events essential for replication of animal viruses. Indeed, the field of molecular virology has evolved during the period since their dis covery, and adenoviruses have played a major role in this development. The exciting discoveries made with adenoviruses have had such a pro found effect on knowledge in basic virology, molecular biology, viral ge netics, human and animal infections, and cell transformation that this seemed a propitious time to have some of the major contributors review this field. This volume pays tribute to the late Wallace Rowe, Robert Huebner, and Maurice Hilleman whose initial discoveries of adenoviruses have tremendously enriched virology. Harold S. Ginsberg vii Contents Chapter 1 An Overview 1 Harold S. Ginsberg Chapter 2 The Architecture of Adenoviruses M. V. Nermut I. Introduction ................................... . 5 II. Chemical and Physical Properties ................... . 6 III. Virus Capsid: Composition and Organization .......... . 7 A. Hexon ..................................... . 10 B. Penton .................................... . 12 C. Other Virus Polypeptides Associated with the Capsid 13 D. Organization of the Capsid ..................... . 14 IV. Virus Core .................................... . 15 A. Evidence for the Core Shell ..................... . 17 B. Organization of the DNA-Protein Complex (Nucleoc- sid) ....................................... . 18 C. Tentative Model of the Adenovirus Nucleocapsid ... . 22 V. Model ofthe Adenovirion ......................... . 29 32 References .......................................... .Hinweis: Dieser Artikel kann nur an eine deutsche Lieferadresse ausgeliefert werden.
1 An Overview.- 2 The Architecture of Adenoviruses.- I. Introduction.- II. Chemical and Physical Properties.- III. Virus Capsid: Composition and Organization.- IV. Virus Core.- References.- 3 The Structure of the Genome.- I. Introduction.- II. Grouping of Adenoviruses Based on DNA Homology.- III. Physicochemical Properties of Adenovirus DNA.- IV. Coordinate System.- V. Inverted Terminal Repetition.- VI. Terminal Protein.- VII. Organization of the Adenovirus Genome.- VIII. Comparison of Genomes and Concluding Remarks.- References.- 4 The Genetic System.- I. Introduction.- II. Production of Viral Mutants.- III. Adenovirus Mutants.- IV. Mapping Methods.- V. Genetic Interactions.- References.- 5 Adenovirus Transcription.- I. Introduction.- II. Nine Transcription Units.- III. Temporal Nature of Transcription from Adenovirus Promoters.- IV. Viral Chromatin Structure.- V. Sequence of Promoter Sites.- VI. E1a Transcription Unit.- VII. E1b Transcription Unit.- VIII. E2(75) Transcription Unit.- IX. Late Transcription Unit.- X. Regulation by Ela Protein.- XL Regulation by the 72K DNA-Binding Protein of E2.- XII. Effect of Inhibition of Protein Synthesis on Adenovirus Transcription.- XIII. Virus-Associated RNAI and RNAII.- XIV. Summary.- References.- 6 Structural and Nonstructural Adenovirus Proteins.- I. General Considerations.- II. Major Capsid Proteins.- III. Minor Polypeptides in the Adenovirus Capsid.- IV. Physiological Effects of the Structural Proteins.- V. Adenovirus Proteins Synthesized at Intermediate Times after Infection.- VI. Late Nonstructural Proteins.- VII. Structure and Function of Adenovirus Proteins Synthesized Early after Infection.- VIII. Prospectives for Future Studies of Adenovirus Proteins.- References.- 7 Adenovirus DNA Replication.- I. Introduction.- II. Structure of the Termini of Adenovirus Genomes.- III. Adenovirus DNA Replication in Vivo.- IV. Adenovirus DNA Replication in Vitro.- V. Replication Proteins.- VI. Initiation of Adenovirus DNA Replication.- References.- 8 Adenovirus Assembly.- I. Introduction.- II. Protein Neighbors in the Virion.- III. Assembly of Capsomers.- IV. Formation of Empty Capsids.- V. Insertion of Viral DNA.- VI. Proteolytic Cleavage during Maturation.- VII. Arrest of the Assembly Pathway.- VIII. Intermediate Particles in Assembly.- IX. Conclusion.- References.- 9 Transformation by and Oncogenicity of Human Adenoviruses.- I. Introduction.- II. Structure of Integrated Adenovirus DNA Sequences in Virus-Induced Tumors and in Transformed Cells..- III. Transformation by Adenovirus DNA.- IV. Transformation-Defective Mutants..- V. Tumor Antigens and Their Role in Transformation.- VI. Factors That Affect the Tumorigenicity of Adenovirus-Transformed Cells.- VII. Role of Adenoviruses in Naturally Occurring Cancers.- References.- 10Adenovirus-Simian Virus 40 Interactions.- I. Introduction.- II. Adenovirus-Simian Virus 40 Hybrids.- III. Human Adenovirus Growth in Monkey Cells.- IV. Complementation between Simian Virus 40 and Adenovirus Mutants.- V. Adenovirus Inhibition of Simian Virus 40 Growth.- VI. Summary.- References.- 11 Adenovirus Infections in Humans.- I. Introduction.- II. Adenoviruses Recovered from Humans.- III. Classification of Human Adenoviruses.- IV. Epidemiology and Transmission.- V. Pathology.- VI. Pathophysiology and Immune Responses.- VII. Infectious Syndromes Associated with Adenoviruses.- VIII. Diagnosis.- IX. Treatment.- X. Prevention.- XI. Adenovims-Simian Virus 40 Hybrids.- XII. Adeno-Associated Viruses.- XIII. Latency.- XIV. Further Research.- References.- 12 Adenoviruses of Animals.- I. Introduction.- II. Nomenclature and Abbreviations.- III. Structure and Components of the Viral Capsid.- IV. Viral DNA.- V. Viral Antigens and Hemagglutinins.- VI. Classification of Animal Adenoviruses (Family Adenoviridae).- VII. Natural and Experimental Infection of Animals.- VIII. Oncogenicity.- IX. Concluding Remarks.- References.- 13 Adeno-Associated Virus.- I. Introduction.- II. Virion.- III. Biology of Adeno-Associated Virus.- IV. Macromolecular Structure and Synthesis.- V. Latent Infections.- VI. Inhibition of Adenovirus.- VII. Conclusion.- References.
1 An Overview.- 2 The Architecture of Adenoviruses.- I. Introduction.- II. Chemical and Physical Properties.- III. Virus Capsid: Composition and Organization.- IV. Virus Core.- References.- 3 The Structure of the Genome.- I. Introduction.- II. Grouping of Adenoviruses Based on DNA Homology.- III. Physicochemical Properties of Adenovirus DNA.- IV. Coordinate System.- V. Inverted Terminal Repetition.- VI. Terminal Protein.- VII. Organization of the Adenovirus Genome.- VIII. Comparison of Genomes and Concluding Remarks.- References.- 4 The Genetic System.- I. Introduction.- II. Production of Viral Mutants.- III. Adenovirus Mutants.- IV. Mapping Methods.- V. Genetic Interactions.- References.- 5 Adenovirus Transcription.- I. Introduction.- II. Nine Transcription Units.- III. Temporal Nature of Transcription from Adenovirus Promoters.- IV. Viral Chromatin Structure.- V. Sequence of Promoter Sites.- VI. E1a Transcription Unit.- VII. E1b Transcription Unit.- VIII. E2(75) Transcription Unit.- IX. Late Transcription Unit.- X. Regulation by Ela Protein.- XL Regulation by the 72K DNA-Binding Protein of E2.- XII. Effect of Inhibition of Protein Synthesis on Adenovirus Transcription.- XIII. Virus-Associated RNAI and RNAII.- XIV. Summary.- References.- 6 Structural and Nonstructural Adenovirus Proteins.- I. General Considerations.- II. Major Capsid Proteins.- III. Minor Polypeptides in the Adenovirus Capsid.- IV. Physiological Effects of the Structural Proteins.- V. Adenovirus Proteins Synthesized at Intermediate Times after Infection.- VI. Late Nonstructural Proteins.- VII. Structure and Function of Adenovirus Proteins Synthesized Early after Infection.- VIII. Prospectives for Future Studies of Adenovirus Proteins.- References.- 7 Adenovirus DNA Replication.- I. Introduction.- II. Structure of the Termini of Adenovirus Genomes.- III. Adenovirus DNA Replication in Vivo.- IV. Adenovirus DNA Replication in Vitro.- V. Replication Proteins.- VI. Initiation of Adenovirus DNA Replication.- References.- 8 Adenovirus Assembly.- I. Introduction.- II. Protein Neighbors in the Virion.- III. Assembly of Capsomers.- IV. Formation of Empty Capsids.- V. Insertion of Viral DNA.- VI. Proteolytic Cleavage during Maturation.- VII. Arrest of the Assembly Pathway.- VIII. Intermediate Particles in Assembly.- IX. Conclusion.- References.- 9 Transformation by and Oncogenicity of Human Adenoviruses.- I. Introduction.- II. Structure of Integrated Adenovirus DNA Sequences in Virus-Induced Tumors and in Transformed Cells..- III. Transformation by Adenovirus DNA.- IV. Transformation-Defective Mutants..- V. Tumor Antigens and Their Role in Transformation.- VI. Factors That Affect the Tumorigenicity of Adenovirus-Transformed Cells.- VII. Role of Adenoviruses in Naturally Occurring Cancers.- References.- 10Adenovirus-Simian Virus 40 Interactions.- I. Introduction.- II. Adenovirus-Simian Virus 40 Hybrids.- III. Human Adenovirus Growth in Monkey Cells.- IV. Complementation between Simian Virus 40 and Adenovirus Mutants.- V. Adenovirus Inhibition of Simian Virus 40 Growth.- VI. Summary.- References.- 11 Adenovirus Infections in Humans.- I. Introduction.- II. Adenoviruses Recovered from Humans.- III. Classification of Human Adenoviruses.- IV. Epidemiology and Transmission.- V. Pathology.- VI. Pathophysiology and Immune Responses.- VII. Infectious Syndromes Associated with Adenoviruses.- VIII. Diagnosis.- IX. Treatment.- X. Prevention.- XI. Adenovims-Simian Virus 40 Hybrids.- XII. Adeno-Associated Viruses.- XIII. Latency.- XIV. Further Research.- References.- 12 Adenoviruses of Animals.- I. Introduction.- II. Nomenclature and Abbreviations.- III. Structure and Components of the Viral Capsid.- IV. Viral DNA.- V. Viral Antigens and Hemagglutinins.- VI. Classification of Animal Adenoviruses (Family Adenoviridae).- VII. Natural and Experimental Infection of Animals.- VIII. Oncogenicity.- IX. Concluding Remarks.- References.- 13 Adeno-Associated Virus.- I. Introduction.- II. Virion.- III. Biology of Adeno-Associated Virus.- IV. Macromolecular Structure and Synthesis.- V. Latent Infections.- VI. Inhibition of Adenovirus.- VII. Conclusion.- References.
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