A Comprehensive, Proven Approach to IT Scalability from Two Veteran Software, Technology, and Business Executives
In this second edition of The Art of Scalability, AKF Partners cofounders Martin L. Abbott and Michael T. Fisher cover everything product, technology and business leaders must know to build products that can scale smoothly to meet any business requirement. Drawing on their unparalleled experience managing some of the world’s highest-transaction-volume Web sites, the authors provide detailed models and best-practice approaches available in no other book.
Unlike previous books on scalability, The Art of Scalability doesn’t limit its coverage to technology. Writing for both technical and nontechnical decision-makers, this book covers everything that impacts scalability, including architecture, processes, people, and organizations. This second edition has been edited to improve readability and includes new and updated content, a new chapter on Agile architecture, and new case studies.
Throughout, the authors address a broad spectrum of real-world challenges, from performance testing to IT governance. Using their tools and guidance, organizations can systematically overcome obstacles to scalability and achieve unprecedented levels of technical and business performance.
New and Updated Coverage includes
· Staffing the scalable organization: essential organizational, management, and leadership skills for technical leaderswith a special focus on how to build truly Agile organizations.
· How to organize teams to maximize innovation and reduce value destroying team conflict.
· Building processes for scale: process lessons from hyper-growth companies, from technical issue resolution to crisis management
· How to manage risk and how to create effective change management in the age of continuous deployment.
· Architecting scalable solutions: powerful proprietary models for identifying scalability needs and choosing the best approaches to meet them
· How to practice “Agile” Architecture
· Optimizing performance through caching, application and database splitting, and asynchronous design
· New and updated scalability techniques for emerging technologies, including clouds and grids
· Planning for rapid data growth and new data centers
· Evolving monitoring strategies to tightly align with customer requirements
Product Description
The Comprehensive, Proven Approach to IT Scalability–Updated with New Strategies, Technologies, and Case Studies
In The Art of Scalability, Second Edition, leading scalability consultants Martin L. Abbott and Michael T. Fisher cover everything you need to know to smoothly scale products and services for any requirement. This extensively revised edition reflects new technologies, strategies, and lessons, as well as new case studies from the authors’ pioneering consulting practice, AKF Partners.
Writing for technical and nontechnical decision-makers, Abbott and Fisher cover everything that impacts scalability, including architecture, process, people, organization, and technology. Their insights and recommendations reflect more than thirty years of experience at companies ranging from eBay to Visa, and Salesforce.com to Apple.
You’ll find updated strategies for structuring organizations to maximize agility and scalability, as well as new insights into the cloud (IaaS/PaaS) transition, NoSQL, DevOps, business metrics, and more. Using this guide’s tools and advice, you can systematically clear away obstacles to scalability–and achieve unprecedented IT and business performance.
Coverage includes
• Why scalability problems start with organizations and people, not technology, and what to do about it
• Actionable lessons from real successes and failures
• Staffing, structuring, and leading the agile, scalable organization
• Scaling processes for hyper-growth environments
• Architecting scalability: proprietary models for clarifying needs and making choices–including 15 key success principles
• Emerging technologies and challenges: data cost, datacenter planning, cloud evolution, and customer-aligned monitoring
• Measuring availability, capacity, load, and performance
Features + Benefits
Goes beyond covering just technology to address every issue that matters
Provides detailed models and proven approaches available in no other book
Includes indispensable metrics, complete with actual calculations
Includes supplemental PowerPoint slides and exercises for classroom use
Foreword xxiii
Acknowledgments xxvii
About the Authors xxix
Introduction 1
Part I: Staffing a Scalable Organization 7
Chapter 1: The Impact of People and Leadership on Scalability 9
The Case Method 9
Why People? 10
Why Organizations? 11
Why Management and Leadership? 17
Conclusion 19
Chapter 2: Roles for the Scalable Technology Organization 21
The Effects of Failure 21
Defining Roles 23
Executive Responsibilities 25
Individual Contributor Responsibilities 30
A Tool for Defining Responsibilities 35
Conclusion 39
Chapter 3: Designing Organizations 41
Organizational Influences That Affect Scalability 41
Team Size 44
Organizational Structure 51
Conclusion 69
Chapter 4: Leadership 101 71
What Is Leadership? 72
Leadership: A Conceptual Model 74
Taking Stock of Who You Are 76
Leading from the Front 78
Checking Your Ego at the Door 79
Mission First, People Always 80
Making Timely, Sound, and Morally Correct Decisions 81
Empowering Teams and Scalability 82
Alignment with Shareholder Value 83
Transformational Leadership 84
Vision 84
Mission 87
Goals 89
Putting It All Together 90
The Causal Roadmap to Success 94
Conclusion 95
Chapter 5: Management 101 99
What Is Management? 100
Project and Task Management 102
Building Teams: A Sports Analogy 105
Upgrading Teams: A Garden Analogy 107
Measurement, Metrics, and Goal Evaluation 111
The Goal Tree 114
Paving the Path for Success 115
Conclusion 116
Chapter 6: Relationships, Mindset, and the Business Case 119
Understanding the Experiential Chasm 119
Defeating the IT Mindset 122
The Business Case for Scale 124
Conclusion 127
Part II: Building Processes for Scale 129
Chapter 7: Why Processes Are Critical to Scale 131
The Purpose of Process 132
Right Time, Right Process 135
When Good Processes Go Bad 139
Conclusion 140
Chapter 8: Managing Incidents and Problems 143
What Is an Incident? 144
What Is a Problem? 145
The Components of Incident Management 146
The Components of Problem Management 149
Resolving Conflicts Between Incident and Problem Management 150
Incident and Problem Life Cycles 150
Implementing the Daily Incident Meeting 152
Implementing the Quarterly Incident Review 153
The Postmortem Process 153
Putting It All Together 156
Conclusion 157
Chapter 9: Managing Crises and Escalations 159
What Is a Crisis? 160
Why Differentiate a Crisis from Any Other Incident? 161
How Crises Can Change a Company 162
Order Out of Chaos 163
Communications and Control 168
The War Room 169
Escalations 170
Status Communications 171
Crisis Postmortem and Communication 172
Conclusion 173
Chapter 10: Controlling Change in Production Environments 177
What Is a Change? 178
Change Identification 179
Change Management 180
The Change Control Meeting 191
Continuous Process Improvement 192
Conclusion 193
Chapter 11: Determining Headroom for Applications 197
Purpose of the Process 198
Structure of the Process 199
Ideal Usage Percentage 203
A Quick Example Using Spreadsheets 206
Conclusion 207
Chapter 12: Establishing Architectural Principles 209
Principles and Goals 209
Principle Selection 212
AKF’s Most Commonly Adopted Architectural Principles 214
Conclusion 222
Chapter 13: Joint Architecture Design and Architecture Review Board 225
Fixing Organizational Dysfunction 225
Designing for Scale Cross-Functionally 226
JAD Entry and Exit Criteria 228
From JAD to ARB 230
Conducting the Meeting 232
ARB Entry and Exit Criteria 234
Conclusion 236
Chapter 14: Agile Architecture Design 239
Architecture in Agile Organizations 240
Ownership of Architecture 241
Limited Resources 242
Standards 243
ARB in the Agile Organization 246
Conclusion 247
Chapter 15: Focus on Core Competencies: Build Versus Buy 249
Building Versus Buying, and Scalability 249
Focusing on Cost 250
Focusing on Strategy 251
“Not Built Here” Phenomenon 252
Merging Cost and Strategy 252
Does This Component Create Strategic Competitive Differentiation? 253
Are We the Best Owners of This Component or Asset? 253
What Is the Competition for This Component? 254
Can We Build This Component Cost-Effectively? 254
The Best Buy Decision Ever 255
Anatomy of a Build-It-Yourself Failure 256
Conclusion 258
Chapter 16: Determining Risk 259
Importance of Risk Management to Scale 259
Measuring Risk 261
Managing Risk 268
Conclusion 271
Chapter 17: Performance and Stress Testing 273
Performing Performance Testing 273
Don’t Stress over Stress Testing 281
Performance and Stress Testing for Scalability 287
Conclusion 288
Chapter 18: Barrier Conditions and Rollback 291
Barrier Conditions 291
Rollback Capabilities 297
Markdown Functionality: Design to Be Disabled 300
Conclusion 301
Chapter 19: Fast or Right? 303
Tradeoffs in Business 303
Relation to Scalability 306
How to Think About the Decision 307
Conclusion 311
Part III: Architecting Scalable Solutions 315
Chapter 20: Designing for Any Technology 317
An Implementation Is Not an Architecture 317
Technology-Agnostic Design 318
The TAD Approach 323
Conclusion 325
Chapter 21: Creating Fault-Isolative Architectural Structures 327
Fault-Isolative Architecture Terms 327
Benefits of Fault Isolation 329
How to Approach Fault Isolation 336
When to Implement Fault Isolation 339
How to Test Fault-Isolative Designs 341
Conclusion 341
Chapter 22: Introduction to the AKF Scale Cube 343
The AKF Scale Cube 343
The x-Axis of the Cube 344
The y-Axis of the Cube 346
The z-Axis of the Cube 349
Putting It All Together 350
When and Where to Use the Cube 352
Conclusion 353
Chapter 23: Splitting Applications for Scale 357
The AKF Scale Cube for Applications 357
The x-Axis of the AKF Application Scale Cube 359
The y-Axis of the AKF Application Scale Cube 361
The z-Axis of the AKF Application Scale Cube 363
Putting It All Together 365
Practical Use of the Application Cube 367
Conclusion 371
Chapter 24: Splitting Databases for Scale 375
Applying the AKF Scale Cube to Databases 375
The x-Axis of the AKF Databa
In The Art of Scalability, Second Edition, leading scalability consultants Martin L. Abbott and Michael T. Fisher cover everything needed to smoothly scale products and services for any requirement. This extensively revised edition reflects new technologies, strategies, and lessons, as well as new case studies from the authors' pioneering consulting practice, AKF Partners.
Hinweis: Dieser Artikel kann nur an eine deutsche Lieferadresse ausgeliefert werden.
In this second edition of The Art of Scalability, AKF Partners cofounders Martin L. Abbott and Michael T. Fisher cover everything product, technology and business leaders must know to build products that can scale smoothly to meet any business requirement. Drawing on their unparalleled experience managing some of the world’s highest-transaction-volume Web sites, the authors provide detailed models and best-practice approaches available in no other book.
Unlike previous books on scalability, The Art of Scalability doesn’t limit its coverage to technology. Writing for both technical and nontechnical decision-makers, this book covers everything that impacts scalability, including architecture, processes, people, and organizations. This second edition has been edited to improve readability and includes new and updated content, a new chapter on Agile architecture, and new case studies.
Throughout, the authors address a broad spectrum of real-world challenges, from performance testing to IT governance. Using their tools and guidance, organizations can systematically overcome obstacles to scalability and achieve unprecedented levels of technical and business performance.
New and Updated Coverage includes
· Staffing the scalable organization: essential organizational, management, and leadership skills for technical leaderswith a special focus on how to build truly Agile organizations.
· How to organize teams to maximize innovation and reduce value destroying team conflict.
· Building processes for scale: process lessons from hyper-growth companies, from technical issue resolution to crisis management
· How to manage risk and how to create effective change management in the age of continuous deployment.
· Architecting scalable solutions: powerful proprietary models for identifying scalability needs and choosing the best approaches to meet them
· How to practice “Agile” Architecture
· Optimizing performance through caching, application and database splitting, and asynchronous design
· New and updated scalability techniques for emerging technologies, including clouds and grids
· Planning for rapid data growth and new data centers
· Evolving monitoring strategies to tightly align with customer requirements
Product Description
The Comprehensive, Proven Approach to IT Scalability–Updated with New Strategies, Technologies, and Case Studies
In The Art of Scalability, Second Edition, leading scalability consultants Martin L. Abbott and Michael T. Fisher cover everything you need to know to smoothly scale products and services for any requirement. This extensively revised edition reflects new technologies, strategies, and lessons, as well as new case studies from the authors’ pioneering consulting practice, AKF Partners.
Writing for technical and nontechnical decision-makers, Abbott and Fisher cover everything that impacts scalability, including architecture, process, people, organization, and technology. Their insights and recommendations reflect more than thirty years of experience at companies ranging from eBay to Visa, and Salesforce.com to Apple.
You’ll find updated strategies for structuring organizations to maximize agility and scalability, as well as new insights into the cloud (IaaS/PaaS) transition, NoSQL, DevOps, business metrics, and more. Using this guide’s tools and advice, you can systematically clear away obstacles to scalability–and achieve unprecedented IT and business performance.
Coverage includes
• Why scalability problems start with organizations and people, not technology, and what to do about it
• Actionable lessons from real successes and failures
• Staffing, structuring, and leading the agile, scalable organization
• Scaling processes for hyper-growth environments
• Architecting scalability: proprietary models for clarifying needs and making choices–including 15 key success principles
• Emerging technologies and challenges: data cost, datacenter planning, cloud evolution, and customer-aligned monitoring
• Measuring availability, capacity, load, and performance
Features + Benefits
Goes beyond covering just technology to address every issue that matters
Provides detailed models and proven approaches available in no other book
Includes indispensable metrics, complete with actual calculations
Includes supplemental PowerPoint slides and exercises for classroom use
Foreword xxiii
Acknowledgments xxvii
About the Authors xxix
Introduction 1
Part I: Staffing a Scalable Organization 7
Chapter 1: The Impact of People and Leadership on Scalability 9
The Case Method 9
Why People? 10
Why Organizations? 11
Why Management and Leadership? 17
Conclusion 19
Chapter 2: Roles for the Scalable Technology Organization 21
The Effects of Failure 21
Defining Roles 23
Executive Responsibilities 25
Individual Contributor Responsibilities 30
A Tool for Defining Responsibilities 35
Conclusion 39
Chapter 3: Designing Organizations 41
Organizational Influences That Affect Scalability 41
Team Size 44
Organizational Structure 51
Conclusion 69
Chapter 4: Leadership 101 71
What Is Leadership? 72
Leadership: A Conceptual Model 74
Taking Stock of Who You Are 76
Leading from the Front 78
Checking Your Ego at the Door 79
Mission First, People Always 80
Making Timely, Sound, and Morally Correct Decisions 81
Empowering Teams and Scalability 82
Alignment with Shareholder Value 83
Transformational Leadership 84
Vision 84
Mission 87
Goals 89
Putting It All Together 90
The Causal Roadmap to Success 94
Conclusion 95
Chapter 5: Management 101 99
What Is Management? 100
Project and Task Management 102
Building Teams: A Sports Analogy 105
Upgrading Teams: A Garden Analogy 107
Measurement, Metrics, and Goal Evaluation 111
The Goal Tree 114
Paving the Path for Success 115
Conclusion 116
Chapter 6: Relationships, Mindset, and the Business Case 119
Understanding the Experiential Chasm 119
Defeating the IT Mindset 122
The Business Case for Scale 124
Conclusion 127
Part II: Building Processes for Scale 129
Chapter 7: Why Processes Are Critical to Scale 131
The Purpose of Process 132
Right Time, Right Process 135
When Good Processes Go Bad 139
Conclusion 140
Chapter 8: Managing Incidents and Problems 143
What Is an Incident? 144
What Is a Problem? 145
The Components of Incident Management 146
The Components of Problem Management 149
Resolving Conflicts Between Incident and Problem Management 150
Incident and Problem Life Cycles 150
Implementing the Daily Incident Meeting 152
Implementing the Quarterly Incident Review 153
The Postmortem Process 153
Putting It All Together 156
Conclusion 157
Chapter 9: Managing Crises and Escalations 159
What Is a Crisis? 160
Why Differentiate a Crisis from Any Other Incident? 161
How Crises Can Change a Company 162
Order Out of Chaos 163
Communications and Control 168
The War Room 169
Escalations 170
Status Communications 171
Crisis Postmortem and Communication 172
Conclusion 173
Chapter 10: Controlling Change in Production Environments 177
What Is a Change? 178
Change Identification 179
Change Management 180
The Change Control Meeting 191
Continuous Process Improvement 192
Conclusion 193
Chapter 11: Determining Headroom for Applications 197
Purpose of the Process 198
Structure of the Process 199
Ideal Usage Percentage 203
A Quick Example Using Spreadsheets 206
Conclusion 207
Chapter 12: Establishing Architectural Principles 209
Principles and Goals 209
Principle Selection 212
AKF’s Most Commonly Adopted Architectural Principles 214
Conclusion 222
Chapter 13: Joint Architecture Design and Architecture Review Board 225
Fixing Organizational Dysfunction 225
Designing for Scale Cross-Functionally 226
JAD Entry and Exit Criteria 228
From JAD to ARB 230
Conducting the Meeting 232
ARB Entry and Exit Criteria 234
Conclusion 236
Chapter 14: Agile Architecture Design 239
Architecture in Agile Organizations 240
Ownership of Architecture 241
Limited Resources 242
Standards 243
ARB in the Agile Organization 246
Conclusion 247
Chapter 15: Focus on Core Competencies: Build Versus Buy 249
Building Versus Buying, and Scalability 249
Focusing on Cost 250
Focusing on Strategy 251
“Not Built Here” Phenomenon 252
Merging Cost and Strategy 252
Does This Component Create Strategic Competitive Differentiation? 253
Are We the Best Owners of This Component or Asset? 253
What Is the Competition for This Component? 254
Can We Build This Component Cost-Effectively? 254
The Best Buy Decision Ever 255
Anatomy of a Build-It-Yourself Failure 256
Conclusion 258
Chapter 16: Determining Risk 259
Importance of Risk Management to Scale 259
Measuring Risk 261
Managing Risk 268
Conclusion 271
Chapter 17: Performance and Stress Testing 273
Performing Performance Testing 273
Don’t Stress over Stress Testing 281
Performance and Stress Testing for Scalability 287
Conclusion 288
Chapter 18: Barrier Conditions and Rollback 291
Barrier Conditions 291
Rollback Capabilities 297
Markdown Functionality: Design to Be Disabled 300
Conclusion 301
Chapter 19: Fast or Right? 303
Tradeoffs in Business 303
Relation to Scalability 306
How to Think About the Decision 307
Conclusion 311
Part III: Architecting Scalable Solutions 315
Chapter 20: Designing for Any Technology 317
An Implementation Is Not an Architecture 317
Technology-Agnostic Design 318
The TAD Approach 323
Conclusion 325
Chapter 21: Creating Fault-Isolative Architectural Structures 327
Fault-Isolative Architecture Terms 327
Benefits of Fault Isolation 329
How to Approach Fault Isolation 336
When to Implement Fault Isolation 339
How to Test Fault-Isolative Designs 341
Conclusion 341
Chapter 22: Introduction to the AKF Scale Cube 343
The AKF Scale Cube 343
The x-Axis of the Cube 344
The y-Axis of the Cube 346
The z-Axis of the Cube 349
Putting It All Together 350
When and Where to Use the Cube 352
Conclusion 353
Chapter 23: Splitting Applications for Scale 357
The AKF Scale Cube for Applications 357
The x-Axis of the AKF Application Scale Cube 359
The y-Axis of the AKF Application Scale Cube 361
The z-Axis of the AKF Application Scale Cube 363
Putting It All Together 365
Practical Use of the Application Cube 367
Conclusion 371
Chapter 24: Splitting Databases for Scale 375
Applying the AKF Scale Cube to Databases 375
The x-Axis of the AKF Databa
In The Art of Scalability, Second Edition, leading scalability consultants Martin L. Abbott and Michael T. Fisher cover everything needed to smoothly scale products and services for any requirement. This extensively revised edition reflects new technologies, strategies, and lessons, as well as new case studies from the authors' pioneering consulting practice, AKF Partners.
Hinweis: Dieser Artikel kann nur an eine deutsche Lieferadresse ausgeliefert werden.