An authority on creativity introduces us to AI-powered computers that are creating art, literature, and music that may well surpass the creations of humans. Today's computers are composing music that sounds "more Bach than Bach,” turning photographs into paintings in the style of Van Gogh's Starry Night, and even writing screenplays. But are computers truly creative—or are they merely tools to be used by musicians, artists, and writers? In this book, Arthur I. Miller takes us on a tour of creativity in the age of machines. Miller, an authority on creativity, identifies the key factors…mehr
An authority on creativity introduces us to AI-powered computers that are creating art, literature, and music that may well surpass the creations of humans. Today's computers are composing music that sounds "more Bach than Bach,” turning photographs into paintings in the style of Van Gogh's Starry Night, and even writing screenplays. But are computers truly creative—or are they merely tools to be used by musicians, artists, and writers? In this book, Arthur I. Miller takes us on a tour of creativity in the age of machines. Miller, an authority on creativity, identifies the key factors essential to the creative process, from "the need for introspection” to "the ability to discover the key problem.” He talks to people on the cutting edge of artificial intelligence, encountering computers that mimic the brain and machines that have defeated champions in chess, Jeopardy!, and Go. In the central part of the book, Miller explores the riches of computer-created art, introducing us to artists and computer scientists who have, among much else, unleashed an artificial neural network to create a nightmarish, multi-eyed dog-cat; taught AI to imagine; developed a robot that paints; created algorithms for poetry; and produced the world's first computer-composed musical, Beyond the Fence, staged by Android Lloyd Webber and friends. But, Miller writes, in order to be truly creative, machines will need to step into the world. He probes the nature of consciousness and speaks to researchers trying to develop emotions and consciousness in computers. Miller argues that computers can already be as creative as humans—and someday will surpass us. But this is not a dystopian account; Miller celebrates the creative possibilities of artificial intelligence in art, music, and literature.Hinweis: Dieser Artikel kann nur an eine deutsche Lieferadresse ausgeliefert werden.
Part I UNDERSTANDING CREATIVITY Chapter 1 What Makes us Creative? What is Creativity? Why Can't We All Make Discoveries Like Einstein, Write Music Like Bach or Transform the World of Art Like Picasso? What Makes These People Special? Chapter 2 Seven Hallmarks of Creativity and Two Marks of Genius 1. The Need for Introspection 2. Know your Strengths 3. Focus, Persevere and Don't Be Afraid to Make Mistakes 4. Collaborate and Compete 5. Beg, Borrow or Steal Great Ideas 6. Thrive on Ambiguity 7. The Need for Experience and Suffering The Two Marks of Genius Intent, Imagination and Unpredictability Chapter 3 Margaret Boden's Three Types of Creativity Chapter 4 Unconscious Thought: The Key Ingredient The Four Stages of Creativity The Importance of Taking Time Off Unconscious Thought and Computers Chapter 5 The Birth of Artificial Intelligence (AI) -6- The First Inklings of Computer Creativity Computers that Mimic the Brain Chapter 6 Games Computers Play Deep Blue Defeats Garry Kasparov IBM Watson Becomes Jeopardy! Champion AlphaGo Defeats the Reigning World Go Champion Part II PORTRAIT OF THE COMPUTER AS AN ARTIST Chapter 1 DeepDream: How Alexander Mordvintsev Excavated the Computer's Hidden Layers Mike Tyka Takes the Dream Deeper Chapter 2 Blaise Agüera y Arcas Brings Together Artists and Machine Intelligence Memo Akten Educates a Neural Network Chapter 3 What Came After DeepDream? Damien Henry and a Machine That Dreams a Landscape Mario Klingemann and His X degrees of Separation Angelo Semeraro's Recognition - Intertwining Past and Present Leon Gatys' Style Transfer: Photography in 'the Style of' Chapter 4 Ian Goodfellow's Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs): AI Learns to Imagine Mike Tyka's Portraits of Imaginary People Refik Anadol Creates a Dreaming Archive Theresa Reimann-Dubbers' AI looks at the Messiah Jake Elwes' Dreams of Latent Space Chapter 5 Phillip Isola's Pix2Pix - Filling in the Picture Mario Klingemann Changes Faces With Pix2Pix Anna Ridler's Fall of the House of Usher Chapter 6 Jun-Yan Zhu's Cycle GAN Turns Horses into Zebras -7- Mario Klingemann Plays with CycleGAN Chapter 7 Ahmed Elgammal's Creative Adversarial Networks (CAN) Chapter 8 'But is it Art?' GANs enter the art market Chapter 9 Simon Colton's The Painting Fool Chapter 10 Hod Lipson and Patrick Tresset's Artist Robots PART III MACHINES THAT MAKE MUSIC: PUTTING THE 'RHYTHM' INTO 'ALGORITHM' Chapter 1 Project Magenta Creates AI's First Tune Chapter 2 From WaveNet and NSynth to COCO NET: Adventures in Music Making WaveNet: From Voice to Music NSynth - Creating Sounds Never Heard Before COCO NET: Filling in the Gaps Chapter 3 François Pachet and his Computers that Improvise and Compose Songs The Flow Machine Chapter 4 Gil Weinberg and Mason Bretan and their Robot Jazz Band Chapter 5 David Cope makes Music that is 'more Bach than Bach' Chapter 6 The Drunken Pint and Other Folk Music Composed by Bob Sturm and Oded Ben-Tal's AI Chapter 7 Rebecca Fiebrink uses Movement to Generate Sound Chapter 8 Marwaread Mary Farbood Sketches Music -8- Chapter 9 Eduardo Miranda and his Improvising Slime Mould Part IV ONCE UPON A TIME: COMPUTERS THAT TELL STORIES Chapter 1 The Pinocchio Effect Chapter 2 The Final Frontier: Computers with a Sense of Humour Chapter 3 AI and Poetry Pablo Gervás and his Poetic Algorithms Chapter 4 Rafael Pérez y Pérez and the Problems of Creating Rounded Stories Chapter 5 Nick Montfort Makes Poetry With Pi Chapter 6 Allison Parrish Sends Probes into Semantic Space Chapter 7 Ross Goodwin and the First AI Scripted Movie Chapter 8 Sarah Harmon Uses AI to Create Illuminating Metaphors Chapter 9 Tony Veale and His Metaphor and Story-Generating Programmes Chapter 10 Hannah Davis Turns Words into Music Chapter 11 Simon Colton's Poetic Fool Part V THE WORLD'S FIRST COMPUTER-COMPOSED MUSICAL: BEYOND THE FENCE, STAGED BY ANDROID LLOYD WEBBER AND FRIENDS PART VI -9- CAN COMPUTERS BE CREATIVE? Chapter 1 A Glimpse of the Future? Creativity in Humans and Machines Attempts to Pin Down Creativity Chapter 2 What Goes on in the Computer's Brain? Jason Yosinski and the Puzzle of What Machines See Mark Riedl on Teaching Neural Networks to Communicate Chapter 3 What Drives Creativity? Margaret Boden and Computer Creativity Chapter 4 Evaluating Creativity in Computers Geraint Wiggins and the Mind's Chorus Graeme Ritchie's Fourteen Criteria for Measuring the Creativity of an Algorithm Anna Jordanous's Fourteen Components of Creativity Chapter 5 Computers With Feelings Rosalind Picard on Developing Machines that Feel Machines Gaining Experience of the World Machines that Suffer Chapter 6 The Question of Consciousness John Searle's Chinese Room and the Question of whether Computers can actually Think Reducing Consciousness to the Sum of its Parts Chapter 7 Michael Graziano: Developing Conscious Computers Awareness and Attention Self-Awareness, Introspection and Perseverance in Computers Giving Computers Consciousness Chapter 8 Two Dissenting Voices Douglas Hofstadter and the Horrors of a Future Controlled by Creative Machines -10- Pat Langley and Machines that Work More like People Chapter 9 Can We Apply the Hallmarks of Creativity to Computers? The Need to Know Your Strengths The Need to Beg, Borrow or Steal Great Ideas; and the Need for Collaboration and Competition The Need to Focus and not be Afraid to Make Mistakes The Need to Thrive on Ambiguity and the Need for Experience and Suffering The Ability to Discover the Key Problem and to Spot Connections Chapter 10 The Future Where We Are Now Where We Are Going And Into the Future ... ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ILLUSTRATION CREDITS ENDNOTES BIBLIOGRAPHY INDEX
Part I UNDERSTANDING CREATIVITY Chapter 1 What Makes us Creative? What is Creativity? Why Can't We All Make Discoveries Like Einstein, Write Music Like Bach or Transform the World of Art Like Picasso? What Makes These People Special? Chapter 2 Seven Hallmarks of Creativity and Two Marks of Genius 1. The Need for Introspection 2. Know your Strengths 3. Focus, Persevere and Don't Be Afraid to Make Mistakes 4. Collaborate and Compete 5. Beg, Borrow or Steal Great Ideas 6. Thrive on Ambiguity 7. The Need for Experience and Suffering The Two Marks of Genius Intent, Imagination and Unpredictability Chapter 3 Margaret Boden's Three Types of Creativity Chapter 4 Unconscious Thought: The Key Ingredient The Four Stages of Creativity The Importance of Taking Time Off Unconscious Thought and Computers Chapter 5 The Birth of Artificial Intelligence (AI) -6- The First Inklings of Computer Creativity Computers that Mimic the Brain Chapter 6 Games Computers Play Deep Blue Defeats Garry Kasparov IBM Watson Becomes Jeopardy! Champion AlphaGo Defeats the Reigning World Go Champion Part II PORTRAIT OF THE COMPUTER AS AN ARTIST Chapter 1 DeepDream: How Alexander Mordvintsev Excavated the Computer's Hidden Layers Mike Tyka Takes the Dream Deeper Chapter 2 Blaise Agüera y Arcas Brings Together Artists and Machine Intelligence Memo Akten Educates a Neural Network Chapter 3 What Came After DeepDream? Damien Henry and a Machine That Dreams a Landscape Mario Klingemann and His X degrees of Separation Angelo Semeraro's Recognition - Intertwining Past and Present Leon Gatys' Style Transfer: Photography in 'the Style of' Chapter 4 Ian Goodfellow's Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs): AI Learns to Imagine Mike Tyka's Portraits of Imaginary People Refik Anadol Creates a Dreaming Archive Theresa Reimann-Dubbers' AI looks at the Messiah Jake Elwes' Dreams of Latent Space Chapter 5 Phillip Isola's Pix2Pix - Filling in the Picture Mario Klingemann Changes Faces With Pix2Pix Anna Ridler's Fall of the House of Usher Chapter 6 Jun-Yan Zhu's Cycle GAN Turns Horses into Zebras -7- Mario Klingemann Plays with CycleGAN Chapter 7 Ahmed Elgammal's Creative Adversarial Networks (CAN) Chapter 8 'But is it Art?' GANs enter the art market Chapter 9 Simon Colton's The Painting Fool Chapter 10 Hod Lipson and Patrick Tresset's Artist Robots PART III MACHINES THAT MAKE MUSIC: PUTTING THE 'RHYTHM' INTO 'ALGORITHM' Chapter 1 Project Magenta Creates AI's First Tune Chapter 2 From WaveNet and NSynth to COCO NET: Adventures in Music Making WaveNet: From Voice to Music NSynth - Creating Sounds Never Heard Before COCO NET: Filling in the Gaps Chapter 3 François Pachet and his Computers that Improvise and Compose Songs The Flow Machine Chapter 4 Gil Weinberg and Mason Bretan and their Robot Jazz Band Chapter 5 David Cope makes Music that is 'more Bach than Bach' Chapter 6 The Drunken Pint and Other Folk Music Composed by Bob Sturm and Oded Ben-Tal's AI Chapter 7 Rebecca Fiebrink uses Movement to Generate Sound Chapter 8 Marwaread Mary Farbood Sketches Music -8- Chapter 9 Eduardo Miranda and his Improvising Slime Mould Part IV ONCE UPON A TIME: COMPUTERS THAT TELL STORIES Chapter 1 The Pinocchio Effect Chapter 2 The Final Frontier: Computers with a Sense of Humour Chapter 3 AI and Poetry Pablo Gervás and his Poetic Algorithms Chapter 4 Rafael Pérez y Pérez and the Problems of Creating Rounded Stories Chapter 5 Nick Montfort Makes Poetry With Pi Chapter 6 Allison Parrish Sends Probes into Semantic Space Chapter 7 Ross Goodwin and the First AI Scripted Movie Chapter 8 Sarah Harmon Uses AI to Create Illuminating Metaphors Chapter 9 Tony Veale and His Metaphor and Story-Generating Programmes Chapter 10 Hannah Davis Turns Words into Music Chapter 11 Simon Colton's Poetic Fool Part V THE WORLD'S FIRST COMPUTER-COMPOSED MUSICAL: BEYOND THE FENCE, STAGED BY ANDROID LLOYD WEBBER AND FRIENDS PART VI -9- CAN COMPUTERS BE CREATIVE? Chapter 1 A Glimpse of the Future? Creativity in Humans and Machines Attempts to Pin Down Creativity Chapter 2 What Goes on in the Computer's Brain? Jason Yosinski and the Puzzle of What Machines See Mark Riedl on Teaching Neural Networks to Communicate Chapter 3 What Drives Creativity? Margaret Boden and Computer Creativity Chapter 4 Evaluating Creativity in Computers Geraint Wiggins and the Mind's Chorus Graeme Ritchie's Fourteen Criteria for Measuring the Creativity of an Algorithm Anna Jordanous's Fourteen Components of Creativity Chapter 5 Computers With Feelings Rosalind Picard on Developing Machines that Feel Machines Gaining Experience of the World Machines that Suffer Chapter 6 The Question of Consciousness John Searle's Chinese Room and the Question of whether Computers can actually Think Reducing Consciousness to the Sum of its Parts Chapter 7 Michael Graziano: Developing Conscious Computers Awareness and Attention Self-Awareness, Introspection and Perseverance in Computers Giving Computers Consciousness Chapter 8 Two Dissenting Voices Douglas Hofstadter and the Horrors of a Future Controlled by Creative Machines -10- Pat Langley and Machines that Work More like People Chapter 9 Can We Apply the Hallmarks of Creativity to Computers? The Need to Know Your Strengths The Need to Beg, Borrow or Steal Great Ideas; and the Need for Collaboration and Competition The Need to Focus and not be Afraid to Make Mistakes The Need to Thrive on Ambiguity and the Need for Experience and Suffering The Ability to Discover the Key Problem and to Spot Connections Chapter 10 The Future Where We Are Now Where We Are Going And Into the Future ... ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ILLUSTRATION CREDITS ENDNOTES BIBLIOGRAPHY INDEX
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