Ralph Mayer

The Artist's Handbook of Materials and Techniques

• Broschiertes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

The Artist's Handbook has become an indispensable reference work for thousands of practising artists all over the world. This fifth edition has been prepared by Steven Sheehan, Director of the Ralph Mayer Center, Yale University School of Art. It has been systematically revised and expanded to take account of the latest research.

Produktdetails

• Verlag: Faber & Faber
• Main
• Seitenzahl: 784
• Erscheinungstermin: 16. September 1991
• Englisch
• Abmessung: 234mm x 151mm x 62mm
• Gewicht: 870g
• ISBN-13: 9780571143313
• ISBN-10: 0571143318
• Artikelnr.: 21261070

Autorenporträt

Ralph Mayer

Inhaltsangabe

The Artist's Handbook of Materials and TechniquesPreface
1. Introductory Notes
Drawing. Painting. Binders: how they work; the characteristic appearances
of different types. Adhesion of materials to surfaces: importance of fresh
paint. Balanced formulas. Color stability. Permanence of paintings. The
artist's responsibility toward permanence and the control of effects.
Homemade materials. Quality in ready-made supplies. Standard specifications
for artists' materials. Modern paint technology. Choice among tube colors.
Historical notes: review of materials and methods of the various periods in
art; origins of traditional painting processes. Records and documents.
"Secrets of the Old Masters." Influence of craftsmanship on artists' work.
The development of new techniques and the re-creation of traditional
effects.
2. Pigments
A note of caution. What they are. Body color and glaze. Requirements for a
paint pigment. Classifications, general characteristics, types, grades, and
properties. Lakes. Reduced pigments. Mass tone and undertone. Composition.
Nomenclature. A catalog descriptive list of pigments arranged
alphabetically. A list of ASTM approved pigments with descriptions and
specifications. Permanent palettes of traditional pigments for the various
techniques of painting. Additional information on the pigments in general
use, matching of color. Permanence of pigments. Restricted palettes.
Variation in hues of tube colors. Color as a tool of technique. Lead
poisoning. Pigment testing and refining. Color and light; optical effects,
theories, and definitions.
3. Oil Painting
Its universal popularity; comparison with other methods; advantages and
defects. What paint is; function of the vehicle. Drying oils, various
kinds, and types, their selection. Oil colors, how and why they are ground.
Properties, oil absorption of pigments, reactions between pigment and oil,
additions of other ingredients. Stabilizers. Hand-ground colors. Paint
tubes. Fine grinding. Consistency. Painting in oil; coarse textures; mat
finish. Structure of paint films. Repellent surfaces. Retarding of drying.
Painting over old canvases. Simple rules for permanence. Defects in
paintings and their causes. Varnishes, what they are, how made, various
types, their uses; home manufacture. Natural resins, descriptions of the
various kinds. Synthetic resins. Oleoresins. Flat and mat varnishes.
Inspection of oils and varnishes. Driers, their properties, behavior, and
use. Glazes and glazing; requirements, uses, formulation, and application.
Painting mediums of the past.
4. Acrylics
History and description. Colors based on synthetic resins; polymer colors.
Component systems. Special effects in polymer painting. Straight acrylic
colors.
5. Tempera Painting
Definition, description, characteristics, comparison with oil painting.
Tempera vehicles, emulsions. Egg tempera, preparation, handling, and
brushwork. Egg and oil emulsions. Gum tempera. Wax emulsions. Oil soluble
emulsions. Casein emulsions. Tempera techniques; mixed techniques.
Ready-made materials.
6. Grounds for Oil and Tempera Painting
Grounds and supports. Canvas, oil grounds, their materials, properties, and
application. Wooden panels. Various types and brands of wallboards. Gesso
grounds, their nature, properties, defects, and methods of manufacture.
Emulsion grounds. Colored grounds. Miscellaneous supports and grounds.
7. Watercolor and Gouache
Watercolor and gouache defined and described. Watercolor paints. Paper.
Homemade colors; vehicle for watercolor and gouache. Transparent
watercolors. Painting techniques. Gouache: its materials and uses. Recipes
for gouache colors.
8. Pastel
Nature of the process, its characteristics, permanence, advantages, and
disadvantages. Homemade crayons. Painting in pastels. Fixatives. Care of
the pictures.
9. Encaustic Painting
Its status, current revival, materials, and methods of painting. Equipment,
procedures, and variations.
10. Mural Painting
The mural character. Technical requirements. Fresco painting, the process.
Its durability under prevailing destructive conditions; its properties and
advantages. Historical notes. Procedures; the wall, lime plaster, mortar,
application, defects, and some notes on painting. Secco and variations.
Painting in oil on walls, various methods and procedures. Mural canvases.
Gesso and tempera on walls. Painting with liquid silicates. Water-glass
method. Ethyl silicate painting, its materials and instructions for its
application. Porcelain enameling. Aqueous medium. Mosaic. Comparative
values of mural techniques.
11. Solvents and Thinners
The thinners or diluents used with oil paints, varnishes, and lacquers and
as solvents for their ingredients. Requirements for a thinner. Effect on
paint. Toxicity and inflammability. Mutual solvents. Descriptions of the
various solvents now in use; general information on their various
properties and functions. Comparative rates of evaporation.
12. Gums, Casein, Glues, Waxes
Gums, definitions, the various kinds described and their properties and
uses discussed. Casein: its description, properties, and solution; its
behavior as a binder and as an adhesive. Casein paints and painting; uses,
descriptions, and techniques of handling. Glues and pastes. Descriptions
and instructions for handling the various types. Glycerine. Preservatives
for glues, gums, and other aqueous binders and adhesives. Waxes:
descriptions, properties, and uses of the various types. The essential oils
or essences.
13. Chemistry
Part One: Outline of basic theories, laws, explanations, and examples. Uses
and behaviors. Organic chemistry. Physical topics. Part Two: Chemical and
technological aspects of the various materials and processes used in
creative painting, scuplture, and printmaking. Nature of raw materials.
Present standards of technology and control. Drying oils. Influence of
ground. Litho varnish. Acid number, iodine value, particle size. Driers.
Natural and synthetic resins. Synthetic organic colors. Solvents. Water.
Tempera emulsions. Glues, gelatin, and casein. Plaster of Paris.
Saponification. Lithography. Etching. Ethyl silicate.
14. Conservation of Pictures
General remarks and rules. Oil paintings. Relining; pressure, non-aqueous
adhesives. Transferring. Patches. Cleaning; removal of dirt and old varnish
with solvents. Repaints. Cleaning without solvents. Mold, insects. Various
methods of filling in lacunae; repainting. Observations. Cradling old
panels. Varnishing. Keeping photographic records. Framing in relation to
conservation. Repair and conservation of pictures on paper; cleaning,
bleaching, deacidification. Mounting and framing works on paper.
15. Miscellaneous Notes
Toxicity of artists' materials. Brushes; descriptions and general
information about the various types and forms of bristle and hair brushes;
their functions; care and selection of brushes. Painting and palette
knives. Airbrush. Palettes. Inks. Collage. Rubbings. Notes on gilding, and
various other metallic effects in paintings; gold leaf, gold powder, the
various manipulations of gilding with gold and palladium; imitations. Notes
on perspective; outline data on the construction of its effects in painting
and drawing. Notes on the graphic arts, the technical aspects and outline
descriptions of lithography, etching, engraving, wood-block and linoleum
printing, serigraphy. Notes on sculptor's materialsclay, stones, cements,
metals, woods.
16.Appendix
Tables and other supplemental material referred to in the text. The use of
formulas. Weights and measures. Conversion factors for metric and customary
units. Thermometer scales. Hydrometry. Calculations for altering the
strengths of solutions. Glossary of terms. Retail sources of some
materials. Specifications of the American Society for Testing and Materials
for Artists' Paints D4302.
17. Bibliographies
Lists of books pertaining to the various branches and the technology of
drawing, painting, sculpture, printmaking, and conservation, arranged
chronologically by titles under their various headings with annotations and
comments.
Index