This book provides an ecological analysis of elephant-human interaction and its implications for the conservation of elephants, based mainly on a study carried out in southern India. It begins with an historical perspective of the decline of elephants and summarizes their current status and major conservation issues. It then describes the interrelationship between seasonal movement and foraging in the wild. The book moves on to the interaction between elephants and people -- the raiding of cultivated crops and killing of people by elephants, and the reverse process of habitat manipulation and killing of elephants by people.