The Basis Of Morality - Arthur Schopenhauer
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"The Basis of Morality" is a philosophical work written by the German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer. It was first published in 1840 as an appendix to his main work, "The World as Will and Representation" ("Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung"). In this work, Schopenhauer delves into the nature of ethics, morality, and the fundamental principles that govern human conduct. Key themes in "The Basis of Morality" include: Metaphysical Exploration: Schopenhauer begins by exploring the metaphysical basis of morality, arguing that the foundation of ethics lies in a metaphysical understanding of the…mehr

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Produktbeschreibung
"The Basis of Morality" is a philosophical work written by the German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer. It was first published in 1840 as an appendix to his main work, "The World as Will and Representation" ("Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung"). In this work, Schopenhauer delves into the nature of ethics, morality, and the fundamental principles that govern human conduct. Key themes in "The Basis of Morality" include: Metaphysical Exploration: Schopenhauer begins by exploring the metaphysical basis of morality, arguing that the foundation of ethics lies in a metaphysical understanding of the human will. He proposes that the ultimate reality is an indomitable, blind, and irrational "will to live" that underlies all phenomena. Ethical Theory: Schopenhauer develops his ethical theory based on the idea that compassion, or what he calls "universal altruism," is the cornerstone of morality. He argues that individuals should recognize the suffering inherent in all living beings and act with compassion and benevolence toward others. The Role of Pity: Central to Schopenhauer's moral philosophy is the concept of pity (Mitleid). He sees pity as the direct awareness of the suffering of others and believes that it is the primary motive for ethical behavior. Pity, according to Schopenhauer, transcends individual egoism and forms the basis for moral actions. Asceticism and the Denial of the Will: Schopenhauer explores the idea of asceticism as a means of transcending the individual will. He suggests that the denial of personal desires and the renunciation of worldly attachments lead to a higher moral state and a reduction of suffering. Critique of Kantian Ethics: While Schopenhauer acknowledges the influence of Immanuel Kant, he also criticizes certain aspects of Kantian ethics. He proposes his own ethical framework that is more focused on the emotional and intuitive aspects of moral experience. Schopenhauer's writing is characterized by its depth, clarity, and a certain pessimistic outlook on human existence. "The Basis of Morality" remains an important work in the history of ethics and is considered a significant contribution to the broader philosophical discourse on morality and human nature.
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Autorenporträt
Arthur Schopenhauer was a German philosopher, born on February 22, 1788, in Gdäsk, Poland, and passed away on September 21, 1860, in Frankfurt, Germany. His most famous work, The World as Will and Representation (1818), presents the idea that the phenomenal world we experience is merely the manifestation of a blind and irrational nominal will. Schopenhauer was deeply influenced by the philosophy of Immanuel Kant, and his ideas went on to shape various intellectual fields. His work had a profound influence on later thinkers such as Sigmund Freud, Ludwig Wittgenstein, and Carl Jung, among others. Schopenhauer's philosophical contributions focused on the nature of human suffering, the role of the will in human existence, and the importance of aesthetic experiences as a means of transcendence. His pessimistic worldview, while challenging, left an enduring legacy that continues to impact fields like psychology and existential philosophy. Schopenhauer was born to Johanna Schopenhauer and Heinrich Floris Schopenhauer, who were both important figures in their own right. His philosophical work remains significant in understanding human nature and the complexities of the human experience.