The philosophical doctrine of the belief in the immortality of the soul appears in the context of the main Platonic dialogues, highlighting the last myth found in book X of Plato's Republic. The myth of Er reinforces the ancient belief in the soul's journey to Hades after the loss of the body. In the Platonic style, both the myth and the rational arguments contained in the dialogues are presented in dualistic form, leading us to understand that, besides the soul migrating from one region to another, its conduct in the city will bring great contribution or not to the justice in the ideal city. More than in the Republic, the dialogue Phedon reinforces with even more emphasis the theory of the immortality of the soul, because it is there that Socrates invests intensely in this explanation. Besides Plato, other trends that attest to this theory may be seen and compared. On a metaphysical and moral analysis, the book deals with subjects such as reminiscence, truth, justice and virtue,respectively. The research source used were the Platonic dialogues and the secondary sources were the works of Giovane Reale, Jean-Pierre Vernant and Geneviève Droz; the sources that illustrated the defended theory were Dante Alighieri and Plotinus.
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