This is an in-depth study of the drug law in force in Brazil since 23 August 2006. Not only does it look at the law, but it is also a study of the social impacts caused by the new jurisprudential and doctrinal understanding, as opposed to the previous understanding of the law in force in Brazil. It sets out to broadly explain the role of Brazilian justice at the forefront of understanding and distinguishing between users and the criminals involved in this controversy in human social webs.