Neonatal period is the most vulnerable and high risk time in the life because of the highest mortality incidence in human life during this period. Neonatal mortality rate is defined as the number of deaths twenty-eight completed days of life per 1000 live births. It aims to identify the causes of neonatal mortality in neonatal care units (NCU) and to identify risk factors associated with neonatal mortality in neonatal care units (NCU). As well as, to determine the relationship between causes and risk Factors of Neonatal mortality sample.The most common causes of neonatal mortality were constituted (46.1%) as a RDS. also, the result reveals that the mortality rate is increasing with the year's progress, where the highest percentage was recorded at the year 2017.