This book analyses the relationship between some of the communities located in and around the Tijuca National Park (PARNA-Tijuca), and identifies the pressures resulting from occupation of these areas. PARNA-Tijuca is a Conservation Unit made up of four sectors: Tijuca Forest, Serra da Carioca, Pedra Bonita/Pedra da Gávea and Pretos Forros/Covanca. Based on the results found, it was possible to verify that the region studied is very vulnerable, as it is an urban forest, which is part of the territory of a large metropolis, thus suffering pressure from the dynamics of the city, which has been invading the forest and causing negative environmental impacts on it.