Since ancient times, man has questioned his presence in the world, so Plato presents his anthropological project, which introduces the theme of the immortality of the soul, and which underpins a large part of Platonic anthropology, and book IV of the Republic, highlighting the tripartition that Plato operates in the organisation of his Ideal State. After a historical approach to anthropological thought, we move on to the archaic period of Greek society, the pre-Socratics, the Sophists and finally to Plato's studies, a unique figure in philosophy in terms of the task of defining man. His anthropology inaugurated a new phase in anthropological thought, based on his ontological approach. For Plato, the essence of man is his soul. Finally, the perspective of a non-dualist stance for Platonic anthropology in the 'Timaeus' will be presented, with the possibility of a triadic dimension of interpretation of his thought, both written and unwritten. It is in this way that Platonic anthropology marks the entire history of Western thought about man.