This monograph analyzes the processes of handicrafts, entrepreneurship and trade in the Zarafshan oasis in the last quarter of the XIX - early XX centuries, based on a new interpretation by comparing the socio-economic life of the oasis in the Bukhara Emirate and the Russian Empire. At present, there is growing attention to the consistent and truthful study of the rich and complex history of our country. There is a growing need to integrate national culture, spiritual and moral values, as well as experience gained in the field of hand work, business, entrepreneurship, crafts and commerce into the hearts of young people.