Amin Khodaei, Ali Arabnya

The Economics of Microgrids

• Gebundenes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

THE ECONOMICS OF MICROGRIDS

An incisive and practical exploration of the engineering economics of microgrids

In The Economics of Microgrids, a pair of distinguished researchers delivers an expert discussion of the microeconomic perspectives on microgrids in the context of low-carbon, sustainable energy delivery. In the book, readers will explore an engineering economics framework on the investment decisions and capital expenditure analyses required for an assessment of microgrid projects. The authors also examine economic concepts and models for minimizing microgrid operation costs, including the cost of local generation resources and energy purchases from main grids to supply local loads.

The book presents economic models for the expansion of microgrids under load and market price uncertainties, as well as discussions of the economics of resilience in microgrids for optimal operation during outages and power disturbances. Readers will also find:
_ A thorough introduction to the engineering and economics of microgrids
_ Comprehensive explorations of microgrid planning under uncertainty
_ Practical discussions of microgrid expansion planning, operations management, and renewable energy integration
_ Fulsome treatments of asset management and resilience economics in microgrids

Perfect for senior undergraduate and graduate students as well as researchers studying power system design, The Economics of Microgrids will also benefit professionals working in the power system industry and government regulators and policymakers with an interest in microgrid technologies and infrastructure.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: Wiley & Sons / Wiley-IEEE Press
• Artikelnr. des Verlages: 1W394162450
• 1. Auflage
• Seitenzahl: 256
• Erscheinungstermin: 24. Oktober 2023
• Englisch
• Abmessung: 235mm x 157mm x 18mm
• Gewicht: 446g
• ISBN-13: 9781394162451
• ISBN-10: 1394162456
• Artikelnr.: 67399868

Autorenporträt

Amin Khodaei, PhD, is a Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Denver. His research is focused on the climate crisis, the grid of the future, and grid-enabling technologies including artificial intelligence and quantum computing. He has published over 200 peer-reviewed technical articles on various aspects of electric grid modernization. Ali Arabnya, PhD, (a.k.a. Ali Arab) is a Research Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Denver. Prior, he was a consultant climate economist with the World Bank in Washington, DC. His research is focused on climate resilience, decarbonization, energy systems, and climate finance.

Inhaltsangabe

About the Authors ix

Acknowledgments xi

Acronyms xiii

1 Fundamentals of Microgrids 1

1.1 Introduction to Microgrids 1

1.2 Distributed Energy Resources for Microgrids 3

1.3 The Role of Microgrid in Power Systems 6

1.3.1 Reliability 7

1.3.2 Resiliency 7

1.3.3 Power Quality 8

1.4 Microgrid Technologies 8

1.4.1 Microgrid Power Management and Control 8

1.4.2 Microgrid Islanding 10

1.4.3 Microgrid Protection 10

1.4.4 Microgrid Communications and Human--Machine Interface (HMI) 11

1.5 Overview 12

2 Microgrid Operations Economics 19

2.1 Fundamentals of Microgrid Operations Economics 19

2.2 Dynamics of Optimal Scheduling in Microgrids 21

2.2.1 T -- tau Islanding Criterion 23

2.3 An Economic Model for Microgrid Optimal Scheduling with Multi-Period Islanding 23

2.3.1 Grid-Connected Operations 23

2.3.2 Islanded Operations 26

2.4 Case Study 28

2.5 Summary 39

3 Resilience Economics in Microgrids 41

3.1 The Art of Resilience 41

3.2 The Impact of Uncertainty 44

3.3 An Economic Model for Microgrid Resilience 46

3.4 Case Study 50

3.5 Summary 55

4 Community Microgrid Operations Management 59

4.1 Principles of Community Microgrids 59

4.2 Economic Variables in Community Microgrid Operations 61

4.3 An Economic Model for Community Microgrid Operations Management 64

4.3.1 Master Controller 64

4.3.2 Local Controller 67

4.3.3 Price Signal Calculation 67

4.3.4 Uncertainty Consideration 69

4.4 Case Study 69

4.5 Summary 75

5 Provisional Microgrids for Renewable Energy Integration 79

5.1 Economic Considerations in Provisional Microgrids 79

5.2 An Economic Model for Provisional Microgrids 83

5.2.1 Component Modeling 85

5.2.2 Problem Formulation 87

5.3 Case Study 90

5.3.1 Case 1: A Baseline Case with Load, Non-Dispatchable Generation, and Market Price Uncertainties 92

5.3.2 Case 2: Considering Uncertainty in the Coupled Microgrid's Available Unused Capacity 93

5.3.3 Case 2(a): Employing Fast Charge/Discharge Energy Storage 94

5.3.4 Case 2(b): Addition of a 1MW Dispatchable Unit 95

5.4 Summary 96

6 Engineering Economics of Microgrid Investments 99

6.1 Principles of Engineering Economics in Microgrids 99

6.2 Economic Variables in Microgrid Investments 102

6.2.1 Reliability 102

6.2.2 Resiliency 103

6.2.3 Carbon Emission Reduction 104

6.2.4 Reduced Costs of Recurring System Upgrades 104

6.2.5 Energy Efficiency 105

6.2.6 Power Quality 105

6.2.7 Lowered Energy Costs 105

6.3 Capital Expenditure and Cash Flow Analysis for Microgrids 106

6.3.1 Microgrid with a Single DER 107

6.3.2 Microgrid with Multiple DERs 109

6.4 Case Study 111

6.5 Summary 112

7 Microgrid Planning Under Uncertainty 117

7.1 Dynamics of Uncertainty in Microgrids 117

7.2 Economics of Uncertainty in Microgrids 119

7.3 An Economic Model for Microgrid Planning Under Uncertainty 120

7.3.1 Microgrid Planning Objective 121

7.3.2 Planning Constraints 121

7.3.3 Operational Constraints 122

7.3.4 Economic Assessment of DER Selection 124

7.4 Case Study 125

7.4.1 PDC vs. Chronological Curve 125

7.4.2 Optimal Microgrid Planning 128