An easy-to-understand and engaging exploration of the battery's development across history that reveals current technological advances, celebrates the innovators who have led the charge forward, and shows how the electric battery represents the path to a low-carbon future. Now more than ever, consumers want to understand not only the basic facts behind the electric battery and the challenges of battery storage in everyday devices, including vehicles, but also whether increased, widespread application of battery technology has real environmental benefits that could change the future of our…mehr
An easy-to-understand and engaging exploration of the battery's development across history that reveals current technological advances, celebrates the innovators who have led the charge forward, and shows how the electric battery represents the path to a low-carbon future. Now more than ever, consumers want to understand not only the basic facts behind the electric battery and the challenges of battery storage in everyday devices, including vehicles, but also whether increased, widespread application of battery technology has real environmental benefits that could change the future of our planet. Is 21st-century battery technology the foundation on which our low-carbon future will be built? The Electric Battery: Charging Forward to a Low-Carbon Future documents the long history of the battery and identifies the reasons it is now a key to achieving a low-carbon world. The book provides an unprecedented and easy-to-understand explanation of both the policy issues and technological challenges facing the battery in the quest to significantly reduce humanity's collective "carbon footprint" on the earth. Readers will be able to intelligently evaluate the chances of electric storage batteries ultimately becoming as mainstream as petroleum-product-fueled infrastructure and vehicles. The chapters in the book break down the complexity of the technology and elucidate the historic confluence of events that makes battery technology economically viable to any reader looking to understand the technological and policy breakthroughs that could enable a low-carbon future-for this generation as well as for subsequent ones.Hinweis: Dieser Artikel kann nur an eine deutsche Lieferadresse ausgeliefert werden.
Kevin B. Jones, PhD, is director of Vermont Law School's Institute for Energy and the Environment (IEE) and professor of energy technology and policy. Benjamin B. Jervey is the Climate and Energy Media Fellow at the Institute for Energy and the Environment at Vermont Law School. Matthew Roche graduated from Vermont Law School in 2016 and was a research associate at the Institute for Energy and the Environment (IEE). Sara Barnowski is a third-year law student at Vermont Law School and a Research Associate with the IEE. She holds degrees in environmental engineering from Stanford and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).
Inhaltsangabe
Foreword by Donald R. Sadoway Acknowledgments Chapter 1 The Electric Battery and a Low-Carbon Future Introduction What Is an Electric Battery? The Electric Battery as Core Climate Solution How the Battery Begets Cleaner Cars How the Battery Helps Integrate Intermittent Renewables The Electric Battery: A Very Brief History Why Is It Called a Battery? Alessandro Volta and the Voltaic Pile Planté and the First Rechargeable Battery Leclanché and the First Dry Cell Invention of the Alkaline Battery: Jungner versus Edison Alkaline's True Arrival: Lewis Urry's Eveready The Leading Edge of Lithium What's Next? Chapter 2 The Technical Challenge: More Powerful and Longer-Lasting Batteries Introduction Primer: Electricity and Storage What Is Energy? What Is Electricity? How Does Electricity Transport Energy? Battery Basics: What Are the Components of a Battery? How Is Electric Potential Created? Electricity Storage: How Are Batteries Quantified and Compared? Traditional Battery Chemistries Lithium-Ion Batteries Leading-Edge Battery Chemistries Beyond the Battery: How Are Batteries Configured for Scalability? How Do Batteries Rely on Other Technologies? Building the Battery Where Do Battery Materials Come From? How Are Batteries Manufactured? Remaining Technological Challenges Conclusion Chapter 3 The Battery's Environmental Footprint: How Clean Is the Technology? Introduction Understanding the Life-Cycle Environmental Impact Life-Cycle Assessment Standards Goal and Scope: Establishing Boundary Conditions Determining Life-Cycle Inventory Analysis Evaluating Total Environmental Impact Conducting Sensitivity Analyses Life-Cycle Environmental Impact of Lithium-Ion Batteries Boundary Conditions Total Life-Cycle Environmental Impacts Impact of Spillover Effects Regional Grid Operations Associated Social Impacts Conclusion: Is the Electric Battery a Clean Technology? Chapter 4 The Battery as the Enabler for Electrifying Mobility Technological Change and the Automobile The Climate Factor A Long and Winding Road for Electric Car Development Early EV History First Regulations for Auto Emissions CAFE Standards Set the Stage for an Electric Vehicle Comeback California's Zero-Emission Vehicle (ZEV) Regulation The Rise and Fall of the EV The Popularity of the Toyota Prius The Rise of the Modern Electric Vehicle The Global EV Leader Influential EV Market Factors The EV Battery Gallons versus Kilowatt Hours What Determines EV Range? The Current EV Battery Market Future Performance and Research End of Battery Life and Recycling Battery-Charging Infrastructure EV Charging Levels and Infrastructure Battery Design and Charging Electric Vehicle Incentives and Programs EV Case Study: California's EV Leadership EV Case Study: Blue Indy EV Case Study: Norway's Global Leadership Mass Transit Heavy-Duty Vehicle Market Conclusion Chapter 5 Batteries for Home and Business Storage: Transforming the Customer Side of the Meter Introduction: Energy Storage, the Electric Grid and a Low-Carbon Future Tesla's Big Battery Announcement Sonnen: German Engineering for Behind-the-Meter Storage Batteries for the Home and Business: End-Use Storage Opportunities Dynamic Pricing and Solar Energy Arbitrage Demand Charge Reduction Home Consumption of Solar PV Storage as a Backup Energy Resource Behind-the-Meter Pricing Plans and Services Case Study: SRP-Innovative Demand Rates for Solar and Storage? Case Study: SMUD Pioneering Smart Rates and Storage SMUD's Plans for Charging Forward? Case Study: GMP-Innovative Fees for Battery Services? Case Study: Stem Is the Behind-the-Meter Leader in SCE's Storage Procurement Concluding Comments Chapter 6 Batteries for Grid Storage: Wholesale Electric Markets, Renewables, and Microgrids Introduction: Grid-Level Storage Bulk Energy Storage Opportunities: Wholesale Markets for Energy Storage Markets for Energy and Capacity Markets for Ancillary Services Transmission Deferral and Congestion Mitigation Renewable Energy Integration The Utility Scale Battery Storage Market Case Study: AES Energy Storage Leading the Grid-Level Transformation Other Grid Storage Applications Battery Storage as a Virtual Power Plant From the Car to the Grid: Reusing End-of-Life Car Batteries for Grid Storage Batteries for Grid Resilience: Microgrids and Storage Overview of Microgrid Development The Path Forward for Grid Storage Chapter 7 Alternate Forms of Electric Storage Introduction Main Applications of Alternative Storage: The Bulk Power System Energy and Capacity Storage Opportunities Ancillary Services Storage Opportunities Energy Storage Systems: Beyond the Battery Pumped Hydro Case Study: California's Bison Peak Projects Case Study: Iowa Hill Pumped Storage Project Rail Energy Storage Compressed Air Energy Storage Case Study: Lightsail Distributed Compressed Air Systems Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage Supercapacitors Flywheels Case Study: Beacon Power Thermal Energy Storage Pumped Heat Electricity Storage Liquid Air Electricity Storage Molten Salt Case Study: Crescent Dunes Solar Energy Project Thermal Ice and Water Case Study: Ice Bear Conclusion: Ready for Prime Time? Chapter 8 Charging Forward to a Low-Carbon Future The Paris Agreement National Policies that Impact the Electric Battery Ending Fossil Fuel Subsidies CAFE Standards The Clean Power Plan The Role of State Policy California's Energy Storage Mandate and More Other States Follow California's Lead The Electric Battery Is Charging Forward Notes Index About the Authors
Foreword by Donald R. Sadoway Acknowledgments Chapter 1 The Electric Battery and a Low-Carbon Future Introduction What Is an Electric Battery? The Electric Battery as Core Climate Solution How the Battery Begets Cleaner Cars How the Battery Helps Integrate Intermittent Renewables The Electric Battery: A Very Brief History Why Is It Called a Battery? Alessandro Volta and the Voltaic Pile Planté and the First Rechargeable Battery Leclanché and the First Dry Cell Invention of the Alkaline Battery: Jungner versus Edison Alkaline's True Arrival: Lewis Urry's Eveready The Leading Edge of Lithium What's Next? Chapter 2 The Technical Challenge: More Powerful and Longer-Lasting Batteries Introduction Primer: Electricity and Storage What Is Energy? What Is Electricity? How Does Electricity Transport Energy? Battery Basics: What Are the Components of a Battery? How Is Electric Potential Created? Electricity Storage: How Are Batteries Quantified and Compared? Traditional Battery Chemistries Lithium-Ion Batteries Leading-Edge Battery Chemistries Beyond the Battery: How Are Batteries Configured for Scalability? How Do Batteries Rely on Other Technologies? Building the Battery Where Do Battery Materials Come From? How Are Batteries Manufactured? Remaining Technological Challenges Conclusion Chapter 3 The Battery's Environmental Footprint: How Clean Is the Technology? Introduction Understanding the Life-Cycle Environmental Impact Life-Cycle Assessment Standards Goal and Scope: Establishing Boundary Conditions Determining Life-Cycle Inventory Analysis Evaluating Total Environmental Impact Conducting Sensitivity Analyses Life-Cycle Environmental Impact of Lithium-Ion Batteries Boundary Conditions Total Life-Cycle Environmental Impacts Impact of Spillover Effects Regional Grid Operations Associated Social Impacts Conclusion: Is the Electric Battery a Clean Technology? Chapter 4 The Battery as the Enabler for Electrifying Mobility Technological Change and the Automobile The Climate Factor A Long and Winding Road for Electric Car Development Early EV History First Regulations for Auto Emissions CAFE Standards Set the Stage for an Electric Vehicle Comeback California's Zero-Emission Vehicle (ZEV) Regulation The Rise and Fall of the EV The Popularity of the Toyota Prius The Rise of the Modern Electric Vehicle The Global EV Leader Influential EV Market Factors The EV Battery Gallons versus Kilowatt Hours What Determines EV Range? The Current EV Battery Market Future Performance and Research End of Battery Life and Recycling Battery-Charging Infrastructure EV Charging Levels and Infrastructure Battery Design and Charging Electric Vehicle Incentives and Programs EV Case Study: California's EV Leadership EV Case Study: Blue Indy EV Case Study: Norway's Global Leadership Mass Transit Heavy-Duty Vehicle Market Conclusion Chapter 5 Batteries for Home and Business Storage: Transforming the Customer Side of the Meter Introduction: Energy Storage, the Electric Grid and a Low-Carbon Future Tesla's Big Battery Announcement Sonnen: German Engineering for Behind-the-Meter Storage Batteries for the Home and Business: End-Use Storage Opportunities Dynamic Pricing and Solar Energy Arbitrage Demand Charge Reduction Home Consumption of Solar PV Storage as a Backup Energy Resource Behind-the-Meter Pricing Plans and Services Case Study: SRP-Innovative Demand Rates for Solar and Storage? Case Study: SMUD Pioneering Smart Rates and Storage SMUD's Plans for Charging Forward? Case Study: GMP-Innovative Fees for Battery Services? Case Study: Stem Is the Behind-the-Meter Leader in SCE's Storage Procurement Concluding Comments Chapter 6 Batteries for Grid Storage: Wholesale Electric Markets, Renewables, and Microgrids Introduction: Grid-Level Storage Bulk Energy Storage Opportunities: Wholesale Markets for Energy Storage Markets for Energy and Capacity Markets for Ancillary Services Transmission Deferral and Congestion Mitigation Renewable Energy Integration The Utility Scale Battery Storage Market Case Study: AES Energy Storage Leading the Grid-Level Transformation Other Grid Storage Applications Battery Storage as a Virtual Power Plant From the Car to the Grid: Reusing End-of-Life Car Batteries for Grid Storage Batteries for Grid Resilience: Microgrids and Storage Overview of Microgrid Development The Path Forward for Grid Storage Chapter 7 Alternate Forms of Electric Storage Introduction Main Applications of Alternative Storage: The Bulk Power System Energy and Capacity Storage Opportunities Ancillary Services Storage Opportunities Energy Storage Systems: Beyond the Battery Pumped Hydro Case Study: California's Bison Peak Projects Case Study: Iowa Hill Pumped Storage Project Rail Energy Storage Compressed Air Energy Storage Case Study: Lightsail Distributed Compressed Air Systems Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage Supercapacitors Flywheels Case Study: Beacon Power Thermal Energy Storage Pumped Heat Electricity Storage Liquid Air Electricity Storage Molten Salt Case Study: Crescent Dunes Solar Energy Project Thermal Ice and Water Case Study: Ice Bear Conclusion: Ready for Prime Time? Chapter 8 Charging Forward to a Low-Carbon Future The Paris Agreement National Policies that Impact the Electric Battery Ending Fossil Fuel Subsidies CAFE Standards The Clean Power Plan The Role of State Policy California's Energy Storage Mandate and More Other States Follow California's Lead The Electric Battery Is Charging Forward Notes Index About the Authors
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