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Teaching elementary school can be a challenge. Elementary school teachers must manage a busy classroom while teaching many subjects to a variety of students at different levels of ability. And of course at the end of the day, teachers are held accountable by administrators and parents for students' performance in the classroom and on standardized tests. Written especially for the busy classroom teacher, The Elementary Teacher's Book of Lists is filled with a wide variety of useful material on a range of topics appropriate for grades K?5. The book features 273 lists on everything students and…mehr
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Teaching elementary school can be a challenge. Elementary school teachers must manage a busy classroom while teaching many subjects to a variety of students at different levels of ability. And of course at the end of the day, teachers are held accountable by administrators and parents for students' performance in the classroom and on standardized tests. Written especially for the busy classroom teacher, The Elementary Teacher's Book of Lists is filled with a wide variety of useful material on a range of topics appropriate for grades K?5. The book features 273 lists on everything students and teachers might need to know at a glance, focusing on core content?reading, writing, mathematics, science, and social studies?as well as general reference topics, such as classroom management tips, suggestions for working effectively with parents and guardians, and advice for students on study skills. Many of the lists can be used as reproducibles to support instruction; other lists provide background information on specific topics or are useful for generating supplementary materials for students. At the end of each list, a short "Did You Know?" offers a final observation or helpful piece of information. "The Elementary Teacher's Book of Lists is a treasure trove of indispensable and practical materials for busy teachers! Its user-friendly format and comprehensive approach make this a book that should be on every elementary teacher's desk."?Julia G. Thompson, author, The First-Year Teacher's Survival Guide "The Elementary Teacher's Book of Lists is a quick and easy reference for the newcomer or veteran teacher alike. Lists of high-frequency words, common abbreviations, math facts, study tips and much more are included to answer common questions asked by students in all subject areas. A must-have addition to service all types of learners."?Joan D'Amico, author, Differentiated Instruction for the Middle School Math Teacher
Hinweis: Dieser Artikel kann nur an eine deutsche Lieferadresse ausgeliefert werden.
Hinweis: Dieser Artikel kann nur an eine deutsche Lieferadresse ausgeliefert werden.
Produktdetails
- Produktdetails
- Verlag: Wiley
- Seitenzahl: 400
- Erscheinungstermin: 7. Dezember 2010
- Englisch
- Abmessung: 280mm x 216mm x 21mm
- Gewicht: 1003g
- ISBN-13: 9780470501986
- ISBN-10: 0470501987
- Artikelnr.: 30881958
- Herstellerkennzeichnung
- Libri GmbH
- Europaallee 1
- 36244 Bad Hersfeld
- 06621 890
- Verlag: Wiley
- Seitenzahl: 400
- Erscheinungstermin: 7. Dezember 2010
- Englisch
- Abmessung: 280mm x 216mm x 21mm
- Gewicht: 1003g
- ISBN-13: 9780470501986
- ISBN-10: 0470501987
- Artikelnr.: 30881958
- Herstellerkennzeichnung
- Libri GmbH
- Europaallee 1
- 36244 Bad Hersfeld
- 06621 890
Gary Robert Muschla taught reading, writing, and math for more than twenty-five years in Spotswood, New Jersey. Judith A. Muschla taught mathematics in South River, New Jersey, for over twenty-five years. Erin Muschla teaches 7th grade math in Monroe, New Jersey. Gary and Judith are the coauthors of The Math Teacher's Book of Lists, Hands-on Math Projects with Real-Life Applications, Math Starters, Geometry Teacher's Activities Kit, Math Smart, The Math Teacher's Problem-a-Day, and Algebra Teacher's Activities Kit, all published by Jossey-Bass. Gary, Judith, and Erin are the coauthors of the Math Teacher's Survival Guide, also published by Jossey-Bass.
About This Book vii
About the Authors ix
Acknowledgements xi
Section 1 Reading
1.1 Long Vowels and Spellings 2
1.2 Short Vowels and Spellings 3
1.3 Special Vowel Sounds and Spellings 4
1.4 Vowels and a Final E 6
1.5 Consonants and Consonant Sounds 7
1.6 Common Phonograms 9
1.7 Common Prefixes 10
1.8 Common Suffixes 11
1.9 Synonyms 12
1.10 Antonyms 15
1.11 Homographs 18
1.12 Homophones 22
1.13 Ways to Build Vocabulary 26
1.14 Important Words for Primary Students to Know 27
1.15 Important Words for Elementary Students to Know 29
1.16 Compound Words 33
1.17 Idioms 35
1.18 Comprehension Strategies 37
1.19 Questions to Aid Comprehension 38
1.20 Common Signal Words for Readers 40
1.21 How to Find Main Ideas and Supporting Details 41
1.22 How to Use Context Clues 42
1.23 Habits of Good Readers 43
1.24 Overcoming Poor Reading Habits 44
1.25 Helping Students Select Books to Read 45
1.26 Types of Fiction and Nonfiction Your Students Might Read 46
1.27 Important Parts of a Book 47
1.28 Major Parts of Stories 48
1.29 Reading Log Guidelines 49
1.30 Some Suggestions for Student Entries in Reading Logs 50
1.31 Famous Children's Authors 51
1.32 Books for Pre-Readers 52
1.33 Books for Beginning Readers 54
1.34 Great Books for Any Primary or Elementary Classroom 56
1.35 Books for Reluctant Readers 61
1.36 Books for Young Readers Written by African American Authors 63
1.37 Poetry Books for Children 65
1.38 Magazines for Children 66
1.39 Suggestions for Parents and Guardians to Help Their Children with
Reading 67
1.40 Reading Teaching Tips 68
1.41 Checklist for a Successful Reading Program 69
Section 2 Writing
2.1 The Writing Process: The Way Writers Write 71
2.2 Habits of Good Student Writers 71
2.3 Finding Ideas for Writing 72
2.4 Writing Prompts 73
2.5 Developing Writing According to the Five W's and How 74
2.6 Basic Structure for Composition 75
2.7 High-Frequency Words for Writing 76
2.8 Kinds of Sentences 80
2.9 Sentence Forms 80
2.10 Subjects and Predicates 81
2.11 Compound Subjects and Predicates 82
2.12 Fragments and Run-Ons 83
2.13 Point of View 84
2.14 Figurative Language: Similes, Metaphors, and Personification 85
2.15 Guidelines for Revision 86
2.16 Guidelines for Proofreading 87
2.17 Words That Are Easy to Confuse 88
2.18 The Parts of Speech 90
2.19 Nouns 92
2.20 Rules for Forming Plural Nouns 94
2.21 Special Irregular Plural Nouns 95
2.22 Possessive Nouns 95
2.23 Action Verbs 96
2.24 Linking Verbs 97
2.25 The Tenses of Verbs 98
2.26 Rules for Forming Verb Tenses 99
2.27 Irregular Verbs 100
2.28 Verb Contractions with Not 102
2.29 Rules for Subject-Verb Agreement 103
2.30 Pronouns 104
2.31 Subject Pronouns 104
2.32 Object Pronouns 105
2.33 Possessive Pronouns 106
2.34 Pronoun Contractions 107
2.35 Adjectives 108
2.36 Comparing with Adjectives 110
2.37 Some Special Adjectives 111
2.38 Adverbs 112
2.39 Comparing with Adverbs 113
2.40 Negative Words 113
2.41 Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases 114
2.42 Conjunctions 115
2.43 Interjections 116
2.44 Common Abbreviations 117
2.45 Rules for Using End Punctuation 119
2.46 Rules for Using Commas 120
2.47 Rules for Using Colons 121
2.48 Rules for Using Apostrophes 121
2.49 Rules for Using Quotation Marks 122
2.50 Rules for Using Italics 123
2.51 Rules for Using Hyphens 123
2.52 Rules for Capitalization 124
2.53 Rules for Spelling Words Correctly 126
2.54 Strategies for Improving Spelling 128
2.55 Tough Words to Spell 129
2.56 Tips for Student Writing Journals 131
2.57 Grading Student Writing 132
2.58 Ways to Share the Writing of Your Students 133
2.59 Checklist for a Successful Writing Program 134
Section 3 Mathematics
3.1 Math Concepts and Attributes 136
3.2 Habits of Good Student Mathematicians 137
3.3 Cardinal and Ordinal Numbers 138
3.4 Addition Table and Additional Facts 140
3.5 Place Value Chart for Whole Numbers 142
3.6 Steps for Adding and Subtracting Whole Numbers 143
3.7 Multiplication Table and Multiplication Facts 145
3.8 Prime Numbers 147
3.9 Prime Factorization and Factor Trees 148
3.10 Composite Numbers 149
3.11 Square Numbers and Cube Numbers 150
3.12 Divisibility Tests 151
3.13 Steps for Multiplying and Dividing Whole Numbers 152
3.14 Big and Very Big Numbers 154
3.15 Mathematical Signs and Symbols 155
3.16 Place Value Chart for Decimal Numbers 156
3.17 Steps for Rounding Numbers 157
3.18 Types of Decimals 159
3.19 Steps for Adding, Subtracting, Multiplying, and Dividing Decimals 160
3.20 Steps for Finding the Greatest Common Factor 163
3.21 Steps for Finding the Least Common Multiple 164
3.22 Types of Fractions 165
3.23 Renaming Mixed Numbers and Improper Fractions 166
3.24 Steps for Simplifying Fractions 167
3.25 Steps for Adding, Subtracting, Multiplying, and Dividing Fractions 168
3.26 Steps for Adding, Subtracting, Multiplying, and Dividing Mixed Numbers
171
3.27 Steps for Changing Decimals to Fractions 175
3.28 Steps for Changing Fractions to Decimals 176
3.29 Steps for Changing Decimals to Percents 177
3.30 Steps for Changing Percents to Decimals 178
3.31 Steps for Changing Fractions to Percents 179
3.32 Steps for Changing Percents to Fractions 180
3.33 The Customary System of Measures 181
3.34 Steps for Converting Units in the Customary System of Measures 182
3.35 Steps for Computing with the Customary System of Measures 183
3.36 Visualizing the Metric System 185
3.37 Metric System Units and Prefixes 186
3.38 Steps for Converting Units in the Metric System 187
3.39 Steps for Computing in the Metric System 188
3.40 Steps for Measuring Length 189
3.41 Time Words 190
3.42 Measuring Temperature 191
3.43 Angles 192
3.44 Steps for Measuring and Drawing Angles 193
3.45 Polygons 194
3.46 Classifying Triangles 195
3.47 Classifying Quadrilaterals 196
3.48 Tangrams 197
3.49 Tessellations 199
3.50 Circle Words and Facts 200
3.51 Solid Figures 202
3.52 Cubes 203
3.53 Symmetry 204
3.54 Formulas 206
3.55 The Number Line 207
3.56 Transformations 208
3.57 Common Graphs 209
3.58 Mean, Median, and Mode 210
3.59 Math Manipulatives for Your Classroom 211
3.60 Tips for Reading and Solving Math Word Problems 213
3.61 Math Problem-Solving Strategies 214
3.62 Math and Literature 215
3.63 Checklist for a Successful Math Program 217
Section 4 Science
4.1 Characteristics of Living Things 219
4.2 The Kingdoms of Life 219
4.3 What Animals Need to Survive 220
4.4 Traits of Common Types of Animals 221
4.5 Animal Names 223
4.6 Migratory Animals 224
4.7 Hibernating Animals 225
4.8 Nocturnal Animals 226
4.9 Animal Superstars 227
4.10 Some Incredible Animal Facts 228
4.11 Metamorphosis 229
4.12 What Plants Need to Live 230
4.13 Photosynthesis 230
4.14 The Food Chain 231
4.15 Biomes of the World 232
4.16 Rain Forests 234
4.17 Why Rain Forests Are Important 236
4.18 How to Save the Rain Forests 237
4.19 Facts About Endangered Species 238
4.20 Examples of Endangered Animals 239
4.21 Some Extinct Animals 240
4.22 Examples of Endangered Plants 241
4.23 Dinosaur Facts 242
4.24 Dinosaur Superstars 243
4.25 Major Systems of the Human Body 244
4.26 Some Amazing Facts About the Human Body 246
4.27 The Five Senses and Beyond 247
4.28 Healthy Habits 247
4.29 Food Groups and MyPyramid 248
4.30 Facts About Matter 249
4.31 Elements and Atoms 250
4.32 Magnetism and Magnets 251
4.33 Electricity 252
4.34 Facts About Energy 253
4.35 Renewable and Nonrenewable Sources of Energy 254
4.36 Simple Machines 255
4.37 Facts About Earth: Our Home in Space 257
4.38 Kinds of Rock 258
4.39 Facts About Earthquakes 259
4.40 Facts About Volcanoes 260
4.41 The Water Cycle 261
4.42 The Carbon Oxygen Cycle 262
4.43 Weather Words 263
4.44 Types of Storms 264
4.45 Types of Clouds 265
4.46 The Highs and the Lows of Weather 267
4.47 Our Solar System 268
4.48 Beyond Our Solar System 272
4.49 Inventions and Inventors 273
4.50 Checklist for a Successful Science Program 275
Section 5 Social Studies
5.1 Continents of the Earth 277
5.2 Oceans of the Earth 279
5.3 The Highest Mountains on Earth 280
5.4 The Highest Mountains in North America 281
5.5 The Earth's Largest Seas 282
5.6 The Earth's Largest Lakes 283
5.7 The Earth's Longest Rivers 284
5.8 Geographic Regions of the United States 285
5.9 Your Place in the World 286
5.10 Pilgrim Facts 287
5.11 The Thirteen Colonies 288
5.12 Colonial Firsts 289
5.13 Famous Men and Women of Colonial America 291
5.14 Causes of the Revolutionary War 294
5.15 Events Leading up to the American Revolution 295
5.16 Common Colonial and Revolutionary War Words 297
5.17 Great Events of the American Revolution 299
5.18 Facts About the Declaration of Independence 301
5.19 Facts About the Constitution 302
5.20 Facts About the Bill of Rights 304
5.21 The Branches of the United States Government 305
5.22 Famous Native Americans 307
5.23 Famous Figures of American Folklore 309
5.24 Causes of the Civil War 310
5.25 Great Events of the Civil War 312
5.26 The Presidents 313
5.27 Presidential Trivia 318
5.28 Federal Holidays 319
5.29 Other Days to Celebrate 320
5.30 Major Religions Around the World 321
5.31 Major Religious Holidays 322
5.32 Famous Human-Made Structures Around the World 323
5.33 U.S. Landmarks 325
5.34 Calendar Words and Facts 327
5.35 Checklist for a Successful Social Studies Program 329
Section 6 General Reference for Elementary Teachers
6.1 The Elementary Teacher's Responsibilities 331
6.2 Basic Materials and Supplies Your Classroom Should Have 332
6.3 How to Create a Positive Classroom Atmosphere 333
6.4 Creating an Effective Learning Environment in an Inclusive Classroom
335
6.5 Basic Special Education Terminology 337
6.6 Basic Learning Styles 339
6.7 Assessment Terms 340
6.8 Alternative Assessments 342
6.9 How to Use Portfolios in Your Class 343
6.10 Tips for Managing Your Classroom 344
6.11 Tips for Organizing Your Classroom 346
6.12 Tips for Managing Time 348
6.13 Reward Options for Students 350
6.14 Conducting Effective Conferences with Students 351
6.15 Conducting Effective Conferences with Parents and Guardians 352
6.16 Tips for Communicating with Parents and Guardians 354
6.17 Suggestions for a Successful Back-to-School Night 356
6.18 Maintaining Positive Relationships with Your Students' Parents and
Guardians 358
6.19 Helping Parents and Guardians Help Their Children 360
6.20 Bulletin Board Planning Tips 362
6.21 Tips for Planning Field Trips 363
6.22 How to Become an Expert in All the Subjects You Teach 365
6.23 Suggestions for Managing Discipline 366
6.24 Useful Web Sites for Teachers 374
6.25 Questions for Self-Appraisal 377
About the Authors ix
Acknowledgements xi
Section 1 Reading
1.1 Long Vowels and Spellings 2
1.2 Short Vowels and Spellings 3
1.3 Special Vowel Sounds and Spellings 4
1.4 Vowels and a Final E 6
1.5 Consonants and Consonant Sounds 7
1.6 Common Phonograms 9
1.7 Common Prefixes 10
1.8 Common Suffixes 11
1.9 Synonyms 12
1.10 Antonyms 15
1.11 Homographs 18
1.12 Homophones 22
1.13 Ways to Build Vocabulary 26
1.14 Important Words for Primary Students to Know 27
1.15 Important Words for Elementary Students to Know 29
1.16 Compound Words 33
1.17 Idioms 35
1.18 Comprehension Strategies 37
1.19 Questions to Aid Comprehension 38
1.20 Common Signal Words for Readers 40
1.21 How to Find Main Ideas and Supporting Details 41
1.22 How to Use Context Clues 42
1.23 Habits of Good Readers 43
1.24 Overcoming Poor Reading Habits 44
1.25 Helping Students Select Books to Read 45
1.26 Types of Fiction and Nonfiction Your Students Might Read 46
1.27 Important Parts of a Book 47
1.28 Major Parts of Stories 48
1.29 Reading Log Guidelines 49
1.30 Some Suggestions for Student Entries in Reading Logs 50
1.31 Famous Children's Authors 51
1.32 Books for Pre-Readers 52
1.33 Books for Beginning Readers 54
1.34 Great Books for Any Primary or Elementary Classroom 56
1.35 Books for Reluctant Readers 61
1.36 Books for Young Readers Written by African American Authors 63
1.37 Poetry Books for Children 65
1.38 Magazines for Children 66
1.39 Suggestions for Parents and Guardians to Help Their Children with
Reading 67
1.40 Reading Teaching Tips 68
1.41 Checklist for a Successful Reading Program 69
Section 2 Writing
2.1 The Writing Process: The Way Writers Write 71
2.2 Habits of Good Student Writers 71
2.3 Finding Ideas for Writing 72
2.4 Writing Prompts 73
2.5 Developing Writing According to the Five W's and How 74
2.6 Basic Structure for Composition 75
2.7 High-Frequency Words for Writing 76
2.8 Kinds of Sentences 80
2.9 Sentence Forms 80
2.10 Subjects and Predicates 81
2.11 Compound Subjects and Predicates 82
2.12 Fragments and Run-Ons 83
2.13 Point of View 84
2.14 Figurative Language: Similes, Metaphors, and Personification 85
2.15 Guidelines for Revision 86
2.16 Guidelines for Proofreading 87
2.17 Words That Are Easy to Confuse 88
2.18 The Parts of Speech 90
2.19 Nouns 92
2.20 Rules for Forming Plural Nouns 94
2.21 Special Irregular Plural Nouns 95
2.22 Possessive Nouns 95
2.23 Action Verbs 96
2.24 Linking Verbs 97
2.25 The Tenses of Verbs 98
2.26 Rules for Forming Verb Tenses 99
2.27 Irregular Verbs 100
2.28 Verb Contractions with Not 102
2.29 Rules for Subject-Verb Agreement 103
2.30 Pronouns 104
2.31 Subject Pronouns 104
2.32 Object Pronouns 105
2.33 Possessive Pronouns 106
2.34 Pronoun Contractions 107
2.35 Adjectives 108
2.36 Comparing with Adjectives 110
2.37 Some Special Adjectives 111
2.38 Adverbs 112
2.39 Comparing with Adverbs 113
2.40 Negative Words 113
2.41 Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases 114
2.42 Conjunctions 115
2.43 Interjections 116
2.44 Common Abbreviations 117
2.45 Rules for Using End Punctuation 119
2.46 Rules for Using Commas 120
2.47 Rules for Using Colons 121
2.48 Rules for Using Apostrophes 121
2.49 Rules for Using Quotation Marks 122
2.50 Rules for Using Italics 123
2.51 Rules for Using Hyphens 123
2.52 Rules for Capitalization 124
2.53 Rules for Spelling Words Correctly 126
2.54 Strategies for Improving Spelling 128
2.55 Tough Words to Spell 129
2.56 Tips for Student Writing Journals 131
2.57 Grading Student Writing 132
2.58 Ways to Share the Writing of Your Students 133
2.59 Checklist for a Successful Writing Program 134
Section 3 Mathematics
3.1 Math Concepts and Attributes 136
3.2 Habits of Good Student Mathematicians 137
3.3 Cardinal and Ordinal Numbers 138
3.4 Addition Table and Additional Facts 140
3.5 Place Value Chart for Whole Numbers 142
3.6 Steps for Adding and Subtracting Whole Numbers 143
3.7 Multiplication Table and Multiplication Facts 145
3.8 Prime Numbers 147
3.9 Prime Factorization and Factor Trees 148
3.10 Composite Numbers 149
3.11 Square Numbers and Cube Numbers 150
3.12 Divisibility Tests 151
3.13 Steps for Multiplying and Dividing Whole Numbers 152
3.14 Big and Very Big Numbers 154
3.15 Mathematical Signs and Symbols 155
3.16 Place Value Chart for Decimal Numbers 156
3.17 Steps for Rounding Numbers 157
3.18 Types of Decimals 159
3.19 Steps for Adding, Subtracting, Multiplying, and Dividing Decimals 160
3.20 Steps for Finding the Greatest Common Factor 163
3.21 Steps for Finding the Least Common Multiple 164
3.22 Types of Fractions 165
3.23 Renaming Mixed Numbers and Improper Fractions 166
3.24 Steps for Simplifying Fractions 167
3.25 Steps for Adding, Subtracting, Multiplying, and Dividing Fractions 168
3.26 Steps for Adding, Subtracting, Multiplying, and Dividing Mixed Numbers
171
3.27 Steps for Changing Decimals to Fractions 175
3.28 Steps for Changing Fractions to Decimals 176
3.29 Steps for Changing Decimals to Percents 177
3.30 Steps for Changing Percents to Decimals 178
3.31 Steps for Changing Fractions to Percents 179
3.32 Steps for Changing Percents to Fractions 180
3.33 The Customary System of Measures 181
3.34 Steps for Converting Units in the Customary System of Measures 182
3.35 Steps for Computing with the Customary System of Measures 183
3.36 Visualizing the Metric System 185
3.37 Metric System Units and Prefixes 186
3.38 Steps for Converting Units in the Metric System 187
3.39 Steps for Computing in the Metric System 188
3.40 Steps for Measuring Length 189
3.41 Time Words 190
3.42 Measuring Temperature 191
3.43 Angles 192
3.44 Steps for Measuring and Drawing Angles 193
3.45 Polygons 194
3.46 Classifying Triangles 195
3.47 Classifying Quadrilaterals 196
3.48 Tangrams 197
3.49 Tessellations 199
3.50 Circle Words and Facts 200
3.51 Solid Figures 202
3.52 Cubes 203
3.53 Symmetry 204
3.54 Formulas 206
3.55 The Number Line 207
3.56 Transformations 208
3.57 Common Graphs 209
3.58 Mean, Median, and Mode 210
3.59 Math Manipulatives for Your Classroom 211
3.60 Tips for Reading and Solving Math Word Problems 213
3.61 Math Problem-Solving Strategies 214
3.62 Math and Literature 215
3.63 Checklist for a Successful Math Program 217
Section 4 Science
4.1 Characteristics of Living Things 219
4.2 The Kingdoms of Life 219
4.3 What Animals Need to Survive 220
4.4 Traits of Common Types of Animals 221
4.5 Animal Names 223
4.6 Migratory Animals 224
4.7 Hibernating Animals 225
4.8 Nocturnal Animals 226
4.9 Animal Superstars 227
4.10 Some Incredible Animal Facts 228
4.11 Metamorphosis 229
4.12 What Plants Need to Live 230
4.13 Photosynthesis 230
4.14 The Food Chain 231
4.15 Biomes of the World 232
4.16 Rain Forests 234
4.17 Why Rain Forests Are Important 236
4.18 How to Save the Rain Forests 237
4.19 Facts About Endangered Species 238
4.20 Examples of Endangered Animals 239
4.21 Some Extinct Animals 240
4.22 Examples of Endangered Plants 241
4.23 Dinosaur Facts 242
4.24 Dinosaur Superstars 243
4.25 Major Systems of the Human Body 244
4.26 Some Amazing Facts About the Human Body 246
4.27 The Five Senses and Beyond 247
4.28 Healthy Habits 247
4.29 Food Groups and MyPyramid 248
4.30 Facts About Matter 249
4.31 Elements and Atoms 250
4.32 Magnetism and Magnets 251
4.33 Electricity 252
4.34 Facts About Energy 253
4.35 Renewable and Nonrenewable Sources of Energy 254
4.36 Simple Machines 255
4.37 Facts About Earth: Our Home in Space 257
4.38 Kinds of Rock 258
4.39 Facts About Earthquakes 259
4.40 Facts About Volcanoes 260
4.41 The Water Cycle 261
4.42 The Carbon Oxygen Cycle 262
4.43 Weather Words 263
4.44 Types of Storms 264
4.45 Types of Clouds 265
4.46 The Highs and the Lows of Weather 267
4.47 Our Solar System 268
4.48 Beyond Our Solar System 272
4.49 Inventions and Inventors 273
4.50 Checklist for a Successful Science Program 275
Section 5 Social Studies
5.1 Continents of the Earth 277
5.2 Oceans of the Earth 279
5.3 The Highest Mountains on Earth 280
5.4 The Highest Mountains in North America 281
5.5 The Earth's Largest Seas 282
5.6 The Earth's Largest Lakes 283
5.7 The Earth's Longest Rivers 284
5.8 Geographic Regions of the United States 285
5.9 Your Place in the World 286
5.10 Pilgrim Facts 287
5.11 The Thirteen Colonies 288
5.12 Colonial Firsts 289
5.13 Famous Men and Women of Colonial America 291
5.14 Causes of the Revolutionary War 294
5.15 Events Leading up to the American Revolution 295
5.16 Common Colonial and Revolutionary War Words 297
5.17 Great Events of the American Revolution 299
5.18 Facts About the Declaration of Independence 301
5.19 Facts About the Constitution 302
5.20 Facts About the Bill of Rights 304
5.21 The Branches of the United States Government 305
5.22 Famous Native Americans 307
5.23 Famous Figures of American Folklore 309
5.24 Causes of the Civil War 310
5.25 Great Events of the Civil War 312
5.26 The Presidents 313
5.27 Presidential Trivia 318
5.28 Federal Holidays 319
5.29 Other Days to Celebrate 320
5.30 Major Religions Around the World 321
5.31 Major Religious Holidays 322
5.32 Famous Human-Made Structures Around the World 323
5.33 U.S. Landmarks 325
5.34 Calendar Words and Facts 327
5.35 Checklist for a Successful Social Studies Program 329
Section 6 General Reference for Elementary Teachers
6.1 The Elementary Teacher's Responsibilities 331
6.2 Basic Materials and Supplies Your Classroom Should Have 332
6.3 How to Create a Positive Classroom Atmosphere 333
6.4 Creating an Effective Learning Environment in an Inclusive Classroom
335
6.5 Basic Special Education Terminology 337
6.6 Basic Learning Styles 339
6.7 Assessment Terms 340
6.8 Alternative Assessments 342
6.9 How to Use Portfolios in Your Class 343
6.10 Tips for Managing Your Classroom 344
6.11 Tips for Organizing Your Classroom 346
6.12 Tips for Managing Time 348
6.13 Reward Options for Students 350
6.14 Conducting Effective Conferences with Students 351
6.15 Conducting Effective Conferences with Parents and Guardians 352
6.16 Tips for Communicating with Parents and Guardians 354
6.17 Suggestions for a Successful Back-to-School Night 356
6.18 Maintaining Positive Relationships with Your Students' Parents and
Guardians 358
6.19 Helping Parents and Guardians Help Their Children 360
6.20 Bulletin Board Planning Tips 362
6.21 Tips for Planning Field Trips 363
6.22 How to Become an Expert in All the Subjects You Teach 365
6.23 Suggestions for Managing Discipline 366
6.24 Useful Web Sites for Teachers 374
6.25 Questions for Self-Appraisal 377
About This Book vii
About the Authors ix
Acknowledgements xi
Section 1 Reading
1.1 Long Vowels and Spellings 2
1.2 Short Vowels and Spellings 3
1.3 Special Vowel Sounds and Spellings 4
1.4 Vowels and a Final E 6
1.5 Consonants and Consonant Sounds 7
1.6 Common Phonograms 9
1.7 Common Prefixes 10
1.8 Common Suffixes 11
1.9 Synonyms 12
1.10 Antonyms 15
1.11 Homographs 18
1.12 Homophones 22
1.13 Ways to Build Vocabulary 26
1.14 Important Words for Primary Students to Know 27
1.15 Important Words for Elementary Students to Know 29
1.16 Compound Words 33
1.17 Idioms 35
1.18 Comprehension Strategies 37
1.19 Questions to Aid Comprehension 38
1.20 Common Signal Words for Readers 40
1.21 How to Find Main Ideas and Supporting Details 41
1.22 How to Use Context Clues 42
1.23 Habits of Good Readers 43
1.24 Overcoming Poor Reading Habits 44
1.25 Helping Students Select Books to Read 45
1.26 Types of Fiction and Nonfiction Your Students Might Read 46
1.27 Important Parts of a Book 47
1.28 Major Parts of Stories 48
1.29 Reading Log Guidelines 49
1.30 Some Suggestions for Student Entries in Reading Logs 50
1.31 Famous Children's Authors 51
1.32 Books for Pre-Readers 52
1.33 Books for Beginning Readers 54
1.34 Great Books for Any Primary or Elementary Classroom 56
1.35 Books for Reluctant Readers 61
1.36 Books for Young Readers Written by African American Authors 63
1.37 Poetry Books for Children 65
1.38 Magazines for Children 66
1.39 Suggestions for Parents and Guardians to Help Their Children with
Reading 67
1.40 Reading Teaching Tips 68
1.41 Checklist for a Successful Reading Program 69
Section 2 Writing
2.1 The Writing Process: The Way Writers Write 71
2.2 Habits of Good Student Writers 71
2.3 Finding Ideas for Writing 72
2.4 Writing Prompts 73
2.5 Developing Writing According to the Five W's and How 74
2.6 Basic Structure for Composition 75
2.7 High-Frequency Words for Writing 76
2.8 Kinds of Sentences 80
2.9 Sentence Forms 80
2.10 Subjects and Predicates 81
2.11 Compound Subjects and Predicates 82
2.12 Fragments and Run-Ons 83
2.13 Point of View 84
2.14 Figurative Language: Similes, Metaphors, and Personification 85
2.15 Guidelines for Revision 86
2.16 Guidelines for Proofreading 87
2.17 Words That Are Easy to Confuse 88
2.18 The Parts of Speech 90
2.19 Nouns 92
2.20 Rules for Forming Plural Nouns 94
2.21 Special Irregular Plural Nouns 95
2.22 Possessive Nouns 95
2.23 Action Verbs 96
2.24 Linking Verbs 97
2.25 The Tenses of Verbs 98
2.26 Rules for Forming Verb Tenses 99
2.27 Irregular Verbs 100
2.28 Verb Contractions with Not 102
2.29 Rules for Subject-Verb Agreement 103
2.30 Pronouns 104
2.31 Subject Pronouns 104
2.32 Object Pronouns 105
2.33 Possessive Pronouns 106
2.34 Pronoun Contractions 107
2.35 Adjectives 108
2.36 Comparing with Adjectives 110
2.37 Some Special Adjectives 111
2.38 Adverbs 112
2.39 Comparing with Adverbs 113
2.40 Negative Words 113
2.41 Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases 114
2.42 Conjunctions 115
2.43 Interjections 116
2.44 Common Abbreviations 117
2.45 Rules for Using End Punctuation 119
2.46 Rules for Using Commas 120
2.47 Rules for Using Colons 121
2.48 Rules for Using Apostrophes 121
2.49 Rules for Using Quotation Marks 122
2.50 Rules for Using Italics 123
2.51 Rules for Using Hyphens 123
2.52 Rules for Capitalization 124
2.53 Rules for Spelling Words Correctly 126
2.54 Strategies for Improving Spelling 128
2.55 Tough Words to Spell 129
2.56 Tips for Student Writing Journals 131
2.57 Grading Student Writing 132
2.58 Ways to Share the Writing of Your Students 133
2.59 Checklist for a Successful Writing Program 134
Section 3 Mathematics
3.1 Math Concepts and Attributes 136
3.2 Habits of Good Student Mathematicians 137
3.3 Cardinal and Ordinal Numbers 138
3.4 Addition Table and Additional Facts 140
3.5 Place Value Chart for Whole Numbers 142
3.6 Steps for Adding and Subtracting Whole Numbers 143
3.7 Multiplication Table and Multiplication Facts 145
3.8 Prime Numbers 147
3.9 Prime Factorization and Factor Trees 148
3.10 Composite Numbers 149
3.11 Square Numbers and Cube Numbers 150
3.12 Divisibility Tests 151
3.13 Steps for Multiplying and Dividing Whole Numbers 152
3.14 Big and Very Big Numbers 154
3.15 Mathematical Signs and Symbols 155
3.16 Place Value Chart for Decimal Numbers 156
3.17 Steps for Rounding Numbers 157
3.18 Types of Decimals 159
3.19 Steps for Adding, Subtracting, Multiplying, and Dividing Decimals 160
3.20 Steps for Finding the Greatest Common Factor 163
3.21 Steps for Finding the Least Common Multiple 164
3.22 Types of Fractions 165
3.23 Renaming Mixed Numbers and Improper Fractions 166
3.24 Steps for Simplifying Fractions 167
3.25 Steps for Adding, Subtracting, Multiplying, and Dividing Fractions 168
3.26 Steps for Adding, Subtracting, Multiplying, and Dividing Mixed Numbers
171
3.27 Steps for Changing Decimals to Fractions 175
3.28 Steps for Changing Fractions to Decimals 176
3.29 Steps for Changing Decimals to Percents 177
3.30 Steps for Changing Percents to Decimals 178
3.31 Steps for Changing Fractions to Percents 179
3.32 Steps for Changing Percents to Fractions 180
3.33 The Customary System of Measures 181
3.34 Steps for Converting Units in the Customary System of Measures 182
3.35 Steps for Computing with the Customary System of Measures 183
3.36 Visualizing the Metric System 185
3.37 Metric System Units and Prefixes 186
3.38 Steps for Converting Units in the Metric System 187
3.39 Steps for Computing in the Metric System 188
3.40 Steps for Measuring Length 189
3.41 Time Words 190
3.42 Measuring Temperature 191
3.43 Angles 192
3.44 Steps for Measuring and Drawing Angles 193
3.45 Polygons 194
3.46 Classifying Triangles 195
3.47 Classifying Quadrilaterals 196
3.48 Tangrams 197
3.49 Tessellations 199
3.50 Circle Words and Facts 200
3.51 Solid Figures 202
3.52 Cubes 203
3.53 Symmetry 204
3.54 Formulas 206
3.55 The Number Line 207
3.56 Transformations 208
3.57 Common Graphs 209
3.58 Mean, Median, and Mode 210
3.59 Math Manipulatives for Your Classroom 211
3.60 Tips for Reading and Solving Math Word Problems 213
3.61 Math Problem-Solving Strategies 214
3.62 Math and Literature 215
3.63 Checklist for a Successful Math Program 217
Section 4 Science
4.1 Characteristics of Living Things 219
4.2 The Kingdoms of Life 219
4.3 What Animals Need to Survive 220
4.4 Traits of Common Types of Animals 221
4.5 Animal Names 223
4.6 Migratory Animals 224
4.7 Hibernating Animals 225
4.8 Nocturnal Animals 226
4.9 Animal Superstars 227
4.10 Some Incredible Animal Facts 228
4.11 Metamorphosis 229
4.12 What Plants Need to Live 230
4.13 Photosynthesis 230
4.14 The Food Chain 231
4.15 Biomes of the World 232
4.16 Rain Forests 234
4.17 Why Rain Forests Are Important 236
4.18 How to Save the Rain Forests 237
4.19 Facts About Endangered Species 238
4.20 Examples of Endangered Animals 239
4.21 Some Extinct Animals 240
4.22 Examples of Endangered Plants 241
4.23 Dinosaur Facts 242
4.24 Dinosaur Superstars 243
4.25 Major Systems of the Human Body 244
4.26 Some Amazing Facts About the Human Body 246
4.27 The Five Senses and Beyond 247
4.28 Healthy Habits 247
4.29 Food Groups and MyPyramid 248
4.30 Facts About Matter 249
4.31 Elements and Atoms 250
4.32 Magnetism and Magnets 251
4.33 Electricity 252
4.34 Facts About Energy 253
4.35 Renewable and Nonrenewable Sources of Energy 254
4.36 Simple Machines 255
4.37 Facts About Earth: Our Home in Space 257
4.38 Kinds of Rock 258
4.39 Facts About Earthquakes 259
4.40 Facts About Volcanoes 260
4.41 The Water Cycle 261
4.42 The Carbon Oxygen Cycle 262
4.43 Weather Words 263
4.44 Types of Storms 264
4.45 Types of Clouds 265
4.46 The Highs and the Lows of Weather 267
4.47 Our Solar System 268
4.48 Beyond Our Solar System 272
4.49 Inventions and Inventors 273
4.50 Checklist for a Successful Science Program 275
Section 5 Social Studies
5.1 Continents of the Earth 277
5.2 Oceans of the Earth 279
5.3 The Highest Mountains on Earth 280
5.4 The Highest Mountains in North America 281
5.5 The Earth's Largest Seas 282
5.6 The Earth's Largest Lakes 283
5.7 The Earth's Longest Rivers 284
5.8 Geographic Regions of the United States 285
5.9 Your Place in the World 286
5.10 Pilgrim Facts 287
5.11 The Thirteen Colonies 288
5.12 Colonial Firsts 289
5.13 Famous Men and Women of Colonial America 291
5.14 Causes of the Revolutionary War 294
5.15 Events Leading up to the American Revolution 295
5.16 Common Colonial and Revolutionary War Words 297
5.17 Great Events of the American Revolution 299
5.18 Facts About the Declaration of Independence 301
5.19 Facts About the Constitution 302
5.20 Facts About the Bill of Rights 304
5.21 The Branches of the United States Government 305
5.22 Famous Native Americans 307
5.23 Famous Figures of American Folklore 309
5.24 Causes of the Civil War 310
5.25 Great Events of the Civil War 312
5.26 The Presidents 313
5.27 Presidential Trivia 318
5.28 Federal Holidays 319
5.29 Other Days to Celebrate 320
5.30 Major Religions Around the World 321
5.31 Major Religious Holidays 322
5.32 Famous Human-Made Structures Around the World 323
5.33 U.S. Landmarks 325
5.34 Calendar Words and Facts 327
5.35 Checklist for a Successful Social Studies Program 329
Section 6 General Reference for Elementary Teachers
6.1 The Elementary Teacher's Responsibilities 331
6.2 Basic Materials and Supplies Your Classroom Should Have 332
6.3 How to Create a Positive Classroom Atmosphere 333
6.4 Creating an Effective Learning Environment in an Inclusive Classroom
335
6.5 Basic Special Education Terminology 337
6.6 Basic Learning Styles 339
6.7 Assessment Terms 340
6.8 Alternative Assessments 342
6.9 How to Use Portfolios in Your Class 343
6.10 Tips for Managing Your Classroom 344
6.11 Tips for Organizing Your Classroom 346
6.12 Tips for Managing Time 348
6.13 Reward Options for Students 350
6.14 Conducting Effective Conferences with Students 351
6.15 Conducting Effective Conferences with Parents and Guardians 352
6.16 Tips for Communicating with Parents and Guardians 354
6.17 Suggestions for a Successful Back-to-School Night 356
6.18 Maintaining Positive Relationships with Your Students' Parents and
Guardians 358
6.19 Helping Parents and Guardians Help Their Children 360
6.20 Bulletin Board Planning Tips 362
6.21 Tips for Planning Field Trips 363
6.22 How to Become an Expert in All the Subjects You Teach 365
6.23 Suggestions for Managing Discipline 366
6.24 Useful Web Sites for Teachers 374
6.25 Questions for Self-Appraisal 377
About the Authors ix
Acknowledgements xi
Section 1 Reading
1.1 Long Vowels and Spellings 2
1.2 Short Vowels and Spellings 3
1.3 Special Vowel Sounds and Spellings 4
1.4 Vowels and a Final E 6
1.5 Consonants and Consonant Sounds 7
1.6 Common Phonograms 9
1.7 Common Prefixes 10
1.8 Common Suffixes 11
1.9 Synonyms 12
1.10 Antonyms 15
1.11 Homographs 18
1.12 Homophones 22
1.13 Ways to Build Vocabulary 26
1.14 Important Words for Primary Students to Know 27
1.15 Important Words for Elementary Students to Know 29
1.16 Compound Words 33
1.17 Idioms 35
1.18 Comprehension Strategies 37
1.19 Questions to Aid Comprehension 38
1.20 Common Signal Words for Readers 40
1.21 How to Find Main Ideas and Supporting Details 41
1.22 How to Use Context Clues 42
1.23 Habits of Good Readers 43
1.24 Overcoming Poor Reading Habits 44
1.25 Helping Students Select Books to Read 45
1.26 Types of Fiction and Nonfiction Your Students Might Read 46
1.27 Important Parts of a Book 47
1.28 Major Parts of Stories 48
1.29 Reading Log Guidelines 49
1.30 Some Suggestions for Student Entries in Reading Logs 50
1.31 Famous Children's Authors 51
1.32 Books for Pre-Readers 52
1.33 Books for Beginning Readers 54
1.34 Great Books for Any Primary or Elementary Classroom 56
1.35 Books for Reluctant Readers 61
1.36 Books for Young Readers Written by African American Authors 63
1.37 Poetry Books for Children 65
1.38 Magazines for Children 66
1.39 Suggestions for Parents and Guardians to Help Their Children with
Reading 67
1.40 Reading Teaching Tips 68
1.41 Checklist for a Successful Reading Program 69
Section 2 Writing
2.1 The Writing Process: The Way Writers Write 71
2.2 Habits of Good Student Writers 71
2.3 Finding Ideas for Writing 72
2.4 Writing Prompts 73
2.5 Developing Writing According to the Five W's and How 74
2.6 Basic Structure for Composition 75
2.7 High-Frequency Words for Writing 76
2.8 Kinds of Sentences 80
2.9 Sentence Forms 80
2.10 Subjects and Predicates 81
2.11 Compound Subjects and Predicates 82
2.12 Fragments and Run-Ons 83
2.13 Point of View 84
2.14 Figurative Language: Similes, Metaphors, and Personification 85
2.15 Guidelines for Revision 86
2.16 Guidelines for Proofreading 87
2.17 Words That Are Easy to Confuse 88
2.18 The Parts of Speech 90
2.19 Nouns 92
2.20 Rules for Forming Plural Nouns 94
2.21 Special Irregular Plural Nouns 95
2.22 Possessive Nouns 95
2.23 Action Verbs 96
2.24 Linking Verbs 97
2.25 The Tenses of Verbs 98
2.26 Rules for Forming Verb Tenses 99
2.27 Irregular Verbs 100
2.28 Verb Contractions with Not 102
2.29 Rules for Subject-Verb Agreement 103
2.30 Pronouns 104
2.31 Subject Pronouns 104
2.32 Object Pronouns 105
2.33 Possessive Pronouns 106
2.34 Pronoun Contractions 107
2.35 Adjectives 108
2.36 Comparing with Adjectives 110
2.37 Some Special Adjectives 111
2.38 Adverbs 112
2.39 Comparing with Adverbs 113
2.40 Negative Words 113
2.41 Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases 114
2.42 Conjunctions 115
2.43 Interjections 116
2.44 Common Abbreviations 117
2.45 Rules for Using End Punctuation 119
2.46 Rules for Using Commas 120
2.47 Rules for Using Colons 121
2.48 Rules for Using Apostrophes 121
2.49 Rules for Using Quotation Marks 122
2.50 Rules for Using Italics 123
2.51 Rules for Using Hyphens 123
2.52 Rules for Capitalization 124
2.53 Rules for Spelling Words Correctly 126
2.54 Strategies for Improving Spelling 128
2.55 Tough Words to Spell 129
2.56 Tips for Student Writing Journals 131
2.57 Grading Student Writing 132
2.58 Ways to Share the Writing of Your Students 133
2.59 Checklist for a Successful Writing Program 134
Section 3 Mathematics
3.1 Math Concepts and Attributes 136
3.2 Habits of Good Student Mathematicians 137
3.3 Cardinal and Ordinal Numbers 138
3.4 Addition Table and Additional Facts 140
3.5 Place Value Chart for Whole Numbers 142
3.6 Steps for Adding and Subtracting Whole Numbers 143
3.7 Multiplication Table and Multiplication Facts 145
3.8 Prime Numbers 147
3.9 Prime Factorization and Factor Trees 148
3.10 Composite Numbers 149
3.11 Square Numbers and Cube Numbers 150
3.12 Divisibility Tests 151
3.13 Steps for Multiplying and Dividing Whole Numbers 152
3.14 Big and Very Big Numbers 154
3.15 Mathematical Signs and Symbols 155
3.16 Place Value Chart for Decimal Numbers 156
3.17 Steps for Rounding Numbers 157
3.18 Types of Decimals 159
3.19 Steps for Adding, Subtracting, Multiplying, and Dividing Decimals 160
3.20 Steps for Finding the Greatest Common Factor 163
3.21 Steps for Finding the Least Common Multiple 164
3.22 Types of Fractions 165
3.23 Renaming Mixed Numbers and Improper Fractions 166
3.24 Steps for Simplifying Fractions 167
3.25 Steps for Adding, Subtracting, Multiplying, and Dividing Fractions 168
3.26 Steps for Adding, Subtracting, Multiplying, and Dividing Mixed Numbers
171
3.27 Steps for Changing Decimals to Fractions 175
3.28 Steps for Changing Fractions to Decimals 176
3.29 Steps for Changing Decimals to Percents 177
3.30 Steps for Changing Percents to Decimals 178
3.31 Steps for Changing Fractions to Percents 179
3.32 Steps for Changing Percents to Fractions 180
3.33 The Customary System of Measures 181
3.34 Steps for Converting Units in the Customary System of Measures 182
3.35 Steps for Computing with the Customary System of Measures 183
3.36 Visualizing the Metric System 185
3.37 Metric System Units and Prefixes 186
3.38 Steps for Converting Units in the Metric System 187
3.39 Steps for Computing in the Metric System 188
3.40 Steps for Measuring Length 189
3.41 Time Words 190
3.42 Measuring Temperature 191
3.43 Angles 192
3.44 Steps for Measuring and Drawing Angles 193
3.45 Polygons 194
3.46 Classifying Triangles 195
3.47 Classifying Quadrilaterals 196
3.48 Tangrams 197
3.49 Tessellations 199
3.50 Circle Words and Facts 200
3.51 Solid Figures 202
3.52 Cubes 203
3.53 Symmetry 204
3.54 Formulas 206
3.55 The Number Line 207
3.56 Transformations 208
3.57 Common Graphs 209
3.58 Mean, Median, and Mode 210
3.59 Math Manipulatives for Your Classroom 211
3.60 Tips for Reading and Solving Math Word Problems 213
3.61 Math Problem-Solving Strategies 214
3.62 Math and Literature 215
3.63 Checklist for a Successful Math Program 217
Section 4 Science
4.1 Characteristics of Living Things 219
4.2 The Kingdoms of Life 219
4.3 What Animals Need to Survive 220
4.4 Traits of Common Types of Animals 221
4.5 Animal Names 223
4.6 Migratory Animals 224
4.7 Hibernating Animals 225
4.8 Nocturnal Animals 226
4.9 Animal Superstars 227
4.10 Some Incredible Animal Facts 228
4.11 Metamorphosis 229
4.12 What Plants Need to Live 230
4.13 Photosynthesis 230
4.14 The Food Chain 231
4.15 Biomes of the World 232
4.16 Rain Forests 234
4.17 Why Rain Forests Are Important 236
4.18 How to Save the Rain Forests 237
4.19 Facts About Endangered Species 238
4.20 Examples of Endangered Animals 239
4.21 Some Extinct Animals 240
4.22 Examples of Endangered Plants 241
4.23 Dinosaur Facts 242
4.24 Dinosaur Superstars 243
4.25 Major Systems of the Human Body 244
4.26 Some Amazing Facts About the Human Body 246
4.27 The Five Senses and Beyond 247
4.28 Healthy Habits 247
4.29 Food Groups and MyPyramid 248
4.30 Facts About Matter 249
4.31 Elements and Atoms 250
4.32 Magnetism and Magnets 251
4.33 Electricity 252
4.34 Facts About Energy 253
4.35 Renewable and Nonrenewable Sources of Energy 254
4.36 Simple Machines 255
4.37 Facts About Earth: Our Home in Space 257
4.38 Kinds of Rock 258
4.39 Facts About Earthquakes 259
4.40 Facts About Volcanoes 260
4.41 The Water Cycle 261
4.42 The Carbon Oxygen Cycle 262
4.43 Weather Words 263
4.44 Types of Storms 264
4.45 Types of Clouds 265
4.46 The Highs and the Lows of Weather 267
4.47 Our Solar System 268
4.48 Beyond Our Solar System 272
4.49 Inventions and Inventors 273
4.50 Checklist for a Successful Science Program 275
Section 5 Social Studies
5.1 Continents of the Earth 277
5.2 Oceans of the Earth 279
5.3 The Highest Mountains on Earth 280
5.4 The Highest Mountains in North America 281
5.5 The Earth's Largest Seas 282
5.6 The Earth's Largest Lakes 283
5.7 The Earth's Longest Rivers 284
5.8 Geographic Regions of the United States 285
5.9 Your Place in the World 286
5.10 Pilgrim Facts 287
5.11 The Thirteen Colonies 288
5.12 Colonial Firsts 289
5.13 Famous Men and Women of Colonial America 291
5.14 Causes of the Revolutionary War 294
5.15 Events Leading up to the American Revolution 295
5.16 Common Colonial and Revolutionary War Words 297
5.17 Great Events of the American Revolution 299
5.18 Facts About the Declaration of Independence 301
5.19 Facts About the Constitution 302
5.20 Facts About the Bill of Rights 304
5.21 The Branches of the United States Government 305
5.22 Famous Native Americans 307
5.23 Famous Figures of American Folklore 309
5.24 Causes of the Civil War 310
5.25 Great Events of the Civil War 312
5.26 The Presidents 313
5.27 Presidential Trivia 318
5.28 Federal Holidays 319
5.29 Other Days to Celebrate 320
5.30 Major Religions Around the World 321
5.31 Major Religious Holidays 322
5.32 Famous Human-Made Structures Around the World 323
5.33 U.S. Landmarks 325
5.34 Calendar Words and Facts 327
5.35 Checklist for a Successful Social Studies Program 329
Section 6 General Reference for Elementary Teachers
6.1 The Elementary Teacher's Responsibilities 331
6.2 Basic Materials and Supplies Your Classroom Should Have 332
6.3 How to Create a Positive Classroom Atmosphere 333
6.4 Creating an Effective Learning Environment in an Inclusive Classroom
335
6.5 Basic Special Education Terminology 337
6.6 Basic Learning Styles 339
6.7 Assessment Terms 340
6.8 Alternative Assessments 342
6.9 How to Use Portfolios in Your Class 343
6.10 Tips for Managing Your Classroom 344
6.11 Tips for Organizing Your Classroom 346
6.12 Tips for Managing Time 348
6.13 Reward Options for Students 350
6.14 Conducting Effective Conferences with Students 351
6.15 Conducting Effective Conferences with Parents and Guardians 352
6.16 Tips for Communicating with Parents and Guardians 354
6.17 Suggestions for a Successful Back-to-School Night 356
6.18 Maintaining Positive Relationships with Your Students' Parents and
Guardians 358
6.19 Helping Parents and Guardians Help Their Children 360
6.20 Bulletin Board Planning Tips 362
6.21 Tips for Planning Field Trips 363
6.22 How to Become an Expert in All the Subjects You Teach 365
6.23 Suggestions for Managing Discipline 366
6.24 Useful Web Sites for Teachers 374
6.25 Questions for Self-Appraisal 377