Dietary fibre is the most important factor that modulates human biology and speciation. Dietary fibre and human drugs- antibiotic and non-antibiotic can modulate the gut flora producing colonic archaeal growth and endosymbiosis generating climate change, evolution of superbugs and emerging viruses and creating the disease phenotype. This leads to neanderthalisation of the species. Thus a low fibre diet alters the gut microbiome in the colon with more of archaeal growth. The archaea develop protective mechanism of antibiotic resistance and dominates the colonic microflora. The colonic archaea by natural selection and DNA/gene exchanges with other colonic and endosymbiotic organism transfer the genes for antibiotic resistance to other colonic flora. This forms the basis for the generation of superbugs resistant to all antibiotics. The same mechanisms happen when populations are treated with antibiotics and other drugs like anti-hypertensives, anti-psychotics and analgesics. This leads to drugs- antibiotic and non-antibiotic induced generation of superbugs and diseases. This leads to the end of medicine as we know it.