This book first develops a historical aspect of the consideration of the child in the national legislation, which made a distinction between natural children and those called legitimate, this was established by the decree of May 4, 1895. Then, he presents the legal framework that considered the child as a passive subject of the law first with the law Nº86/010 of August 1st, 1987, bearing the family code as completed in 2016 and finally, the child is recognized as a subject of law exercising and enjoying all his rights by the law Nº 09/001 of January 10th, 2009 on Child Protection. He concludes on the importance of maintaining a framework for the development of the child considered as a dialectic thought in different legislations that have tried to target an understanding of the primary needs of the child.