The fight against poverty in the local dynamics of urbanization in Cameroon: the case of Yaoundé, is the theme that was submitted to our study. The many questions generated by the desire to solve the problem raised by such a topical subject led us to problematize by asking ourselves, what place does the fight against poverty occupy in the urbanization process? Does this place allow it to structure locally the perception of the actors of urban development and to orient (or give meaning to) public action? As an answer to this question, we have stated hypothetically that the fight against poverty is a reference point which is increasingly structuring the local urbanization process. Indeed, it is gradually being placed at the heart of urban development as a permanent concern of all the actors, and it harmonizes the various urbanization actions.