This book gives brief information about importance of cashew and summarizes achievements made in cashew breeding in Tanzania. It provides highlights on the importance of dwarf cashew varieties in cashew industry, the scientific approach used to develop the varieties which included mass selection and establishment of cashew genetic trials in two agroecological sites which led to the release of 16 new dwarf cashew varieties in Tanzania. It also provides detailed description of new dwarf cashew varieties from morphological characteristics to their field performance in terms of yields, the quality of the nuts and reaction to major cashew diseases and insect-pests in East and Southern Africa. This book will be useful to college and university students, lecturers, cashew researchers, cashew technicians, growers, extension worker and other stakeholders worldwide.