This United Nations report examines the current state of knowledge of the world's oceans, for policymakers, and provides a reference for marine science courses.
This United Nations report examines the current state of knowledge of the world's oceans, for policymakers, and provides a reference for marine science courses.Hinweis: Dieser Artikel kann nur an eine deutsche Lieferadresse ausgeliefert werden.
Foreword Preface Part I. Summary of the First Global Integrated Marine Assessment Part II. The Context of the Assessment: 1. Introduction: planet, oceans and life 2. Mandate, information sources and method of work Part III. Assessment of Major Ecosystem Services from the Marine Environment: 3. Scientific understanding of ecosystem services 4. The ocean's role in the hydrological cycle 5. Sea-air interactions 6. Primary production, cycling of nutrients, surface layer and plankton 7. Calcium carbonate production and contribution to coastal sediments 8. Aesthetic, cultural, religious and spiritual ecosystem services derived from the marine environment 9. Conclusions on major ecosystem services other than provisioning services Part IV. Assessment of the Cross-Cutting Issues: Food Security and Food Safety: 10. The oceans as a source of food 11. Capture fisheries 12. Aquaculture 13. Fish stock propagation 14. Seaweeds 15. Social and economic aspects of sea-based food and fisheries 16. Synthesis of Part IV: food security and safety Part V. Assessment of Other Human Activities and the Marine Environment: 17. Shipping 18. Ports 19. Submarine cables and pipelines 20. Coastal, riverine and atmospheric inputs from land 21. Offshore hydrocarbon industries 22. Other marine-based energy industries 23. Offshore mining industries 24. Solid waste disposal 25. Marine debris 26. Land-sea physical interaction 27. Tourism and recreation 28. Desalinization 29. Use of marine genetic resources 30. Marine scientific research 31. Conclusions on other human activities 32. Capacity-building in relation to human activities affecting the marine environment Part VI. Assessment of Marine Biological Diversity and Habitats: 33. Introduction Section A. Overview of Marine Biological Diversity: 34. Global patterns in marine biodiversity 35. Extent of assessment of marine biological diversity 36. Overview of marine biological diversity Section B. Marine Ecosystems, Species and Habitats Scientifically Identified as Threatened, Declining or Otherwise in Need of Special Attention or Protection I. Marine Species: 37. Marine mammals 38. Seabirds 39. Marine reptiles 40. Sharks and other elasmobranchs 41. Tunas and bill fishes II. Marine Ecosystems and Habitats: 42. Cold-water corals 43. Tropical and sub-tropical coral reefs 44. Estuaries and deltas 45. Hydrothermal vents and cold seeps 46. High-latitude ice and the biodiversity dependent on it 47. Kelp forests and seagrass meadows 48. Mangroves 49. Salt marshes 50. Sargasso sea 51. Biological communities on seamounts and other submarine features potentially threatened by disturbance Section C. Environmental, Economic and/or Social Aspects of the Conservation of Marine Species and Habitats and Capacity-Building Needs: 52. Synthesis of Part VI: marine biological diversity and habitats 53. Capacity-building needs in relation to the status of species and habitats Part VII. Overall Assessment: 54. Overall assessment of human impact on the oceans 55. Overall value of the oceans to humans Annex I. List of contributors and commentators Annex II. Glossary Annex III. Acronyms.
Foreword Preface Part I. Summary of the First Global Integrated Marine Assessment Part II. The Context of the Assessment: 1. Introduction: planet, oceans and life 2. Mandate, information sources and method of work Part III. Assessment of Major Ecosystem Services from the Marine Environment: 3. Scientific understanding of ecosystem services 4. The ocean's role in the hydrological cycle 5. Sea-air interactions 6. Primary production, cycling of nutrients, surface layer and plankton 7. Calcium carbonate production and contribution to coastal sediments 8. Aesthetic, cultural, religious and spiritual ecosystem services derived from the marine environment 9. Conclusions on major ecosystem services other than provisioning services Part IV. Assessment of the Cross-Cutting Issues: Food Security and Food Safety: 10. The oceans as a source of food 11. Capture fisheries 12. Aquaculture 13. Fish stock propagation 14. Seaweeds 15. Social and economic aspects of sea-based food and fisheries 16. Synthesis of Part IV: food security and safety Part V. Assessment of Other Human Activities and the Marine Environment: 17. Shipping 18. Ports 19. Submarine cables and pipelines 20. Coastal, riverine and atmospheric inputs from land 21. Offshore hydrocarbon industries 22. Other marine-based energy industries 23. Offshore mining industries 24. Solid waste disposal 25. Marine debris 26. Land-sea physical interaction 27. Tourism and recreation 28. Desalinization 29. Use of marine genetic resources 30. Marine scientific research 31. Conclusions on other human activities 32. Capacity-building in relation to human activities affecting the marine environment Part VI. Assessment of Marine Biological Diversity and Habitats: 33. Introduction Section A. Overview of Marine Biological Diversity: 34. Global patterns in marine biodiversity 35. Extent of assessment of marine biological diversity 36. Overview of marine biological diversity Section B. Marine Ecosystems, Species and Habitats Scientifically Identified as Threatened, Declining or Otherwise in Need of Special Attention or Protection I. Marine Species: 37. Marine mammals 38. Seabirds 39. Marine reptiles 40. Sharks and other elasmobranchs 41. Tunas and bill fishes II. Marine Ecosystems and Habitats: 42. Cold-water corals 43. Tropical and sub-tropical coral reefs 44. Estuaries and deltas 45. Hydrothermal vents and cold seeps 46. High-latitude ice and the biodiversity dependent on it 47. Kelp forests and seagrass meadows 48. Mangroves 49. Salt marshes 50. Sargasso sea 51. Biological communities on seamounts and other submarine features potentially threatened by disturbance Section C. Environmental, Economic and/or Social Aspects of the Conservation of Marine Species and Habitats and Capacity-Building Needs: 52. Synthesis of Part VI: marine biological diversity and habitats 53. Capacity-building needs in relation to the status of species and habitats Part VII. Overall Assessment: 54. Overall assessment of human impact on the oceans 55. Overall value of the oceans to humans Annex I. List of contributors and commentators Annex II. Glossary Annex III. Acronyms.
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