Foreword by Duncan Poore
Preface
Acknowledgements
1 Introduction
Part 1 Certification in Context
2 Forest Problems
Market and policy failures within and outside the forestry sector
Institutional failures
Weak and/or inappropriate tenure
3 Competing Stakeholder Interests and the Goal of Sustainability
Competing stakeholder interests
The goal of sustainable forest management
4 Policy Requirements
National level
International level
5 Standards
External and internal standards
How standards are set by ISO
Existing initiatives in standard setting
Remaining dilemmas in standard
setting
6 What Certification Achieves
Certification: a market based instrument
Forest needs and certification's possible role
Part 2 Certification in Practice
7 Design Issues
The importance of environmental management systems at LFMU level
Accreditation
The certification body
8 How Certification Works in Practice
Selection of the appropriate forest area
Certification of multiple small woodland areas
Application
Scoping visit
Document review [examination]
Field assessment [examination/validation]
Peer review [validation]
Certification
Labelling [chain of custody]
Periodic review [surveillance]
Cost
Case studies
Part 3 Current Initiatives and Views
9 Forest Initiatives and Certification
International initiatives
National initiatives
Initiatives which are commonly confused with certification
10 Views on Certification
Views of the main stakeholder groups
Overall trends in the certification debate
The sticky issues
differing views that need resolving
Conclusions on what to do next
Annexes
10.1 Government viewpoint
Malaysian delegation to ITTC, May 1994
10.2 The UK Government's views on timber certification and labelling
10.3 The Canadian Government's position on forest certification
10.4 A view from the South
10.5 View on the FSC from an environmental NGO: Pro Regenwald, Germany
10.6 An environmental NGO's viewpoint: WWF
UK
10.7 A certifier's viewpoint: Soil Association, UK
10.8 View of a forest peoples' group: The World Rainforest Movement
10.9 View from a conservation NGO: Soltrust (Solomon Islands)
10.10 View of the Forest Industry Committee of Great Britain (FICGB)
10.11 A forest concession
holder's viewpoint: Alpi, Italy and Cameroon
10.12 Viewpoint from a forest producer and paper manufacturer: Aracruz, Brazil
10.13 View from the Netherlands Timber Trade Association
10.14 A retailer's viewpoint: Do It All, UK
Part 4 Directories
11 Active Certification Programmes
Rainforest Alliance
Scientific Certification Systems
SGS Forestry
The Soil Association
Forest Stewardship Council
12 Other international and National Certification Initiatives
Austria
Brazil
Canada
Finland
Germany
Indonesia
The Netherlands
Sweden
Switzerland
13 Certified Forests
Amacol LTDA
Bainings Community Based Eco forestry Project
Broadleaf Forest Development Project
Chindwell Doors
Collins Pine
Dartington Home Wood
Demerara Timbers Ltd
Keweenaw Land Association Ltd
Menominee Tribal Enterprises
Pengelli Forest
Perum Perhutani
Plan Piloto
Portico SA
Seven Islands Land Management Company
Tropical American Tree Farms
Bibliography
Glossary.
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