Karl M. Kapp

The Gamification of Learning and Instruction

• Gebundenes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

Learning professionals are finding success applying game-based sensibilities to the development of instruction. This is the first book to show how to design online instruction that leverages the best elements of online games to increase learning, retention, and application. It explains how to match different game strategies to types of learning content for the right learning outcome and discusses how gamification techniques can be used in a variety of settings to improve learning, retention and application of knowledge. Supported by peer-reviewed studies and examples from corporations who have adopted game-based learning successfully, the book illustrates how combining instructional design thinking with game concepts can create engaged and interactive learning experiences across a variety of media, from online to face-to-face.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: Wiley & Sons
• 1. Auflage
• Seitenzahl: 336
• Erscheinungstermin: 1. Mai 2012
• Englisch
• Abmessung: 241mm x 196mm x 23mm
• Gewicht: 701g
• ISBN-13: 9781118096345
• ISBN-10: 1118096347
• Artikelnr.: 34449867

Autorenporträt

Karl M. Kapp is a professor of Instructional Technology in Bloomsburg University's Department of Instructional Technology in Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania and the assistant director of Bloomsburg University's acclaimed Institute for Interactive Technologies. He has authored or co-authored four books on the convergence of learning and technology, Integrated Learning for ERP Success, Winning e-Learning Proposals, Gadgets, Games and Gizmos for Learning and Learning in 3D.

Inhaltsangabe

List of Figures and Tables xii
Contents on the Web xv
Foreword by Kevin Kruse xvii
Preface xxi
Acknowledgments xxvii
About the Author xxix
Contributors xxxi
Chapter 1 What Is Gamification? 1
Chapter Questions 1
Introduction 2
Gamification in Action 2
What Is a Game? 6
What Is Gamification? 9
What Gamification Is Not 12
Gamification Versus Serious Games 15
Growth of Gamification 18
Who Is Using Gamification 19
Implications and Importance to the Future of Learning 22
Key Takeaways 23
Chapter 2 It's in the Game: Understanding Game Elements 25
Chapter Questions 25
Introduction 26
Abstractions of Concepts and Reality 26
Goals 28
Rules 29
Conflict, Competition, or Cooperation 31
Time 32
Reward Structures 33
Feedback 35
Levels 37
Storytelling 41
Curve of Interest 45
Aesthetics 46
Replay or Do Over 48
Implications and Importance to the Future of Learning 49
Key Takeaways 50
Chapter 3 Theories Behind Gamification of Learning and Instruction 51
Chapter Questions 51
Introduction 51
Motivation 52
The Taxonomy of Intrinsic Motivation 58
Self-Determination Theory 63
Distributed Practice 65
Scaffolding 66
Episodic Memory 67
Cognitive Apprenticeship 69
Social Learning Theory 70
Flow 71
Key Takeaways 74
Chapter 4 Research Says Games Are Effective for Learning 75
Chapter Questions 75
Introduction 76
Game Research 76
Randel's Meta-Analysis 77
Wolfe's Meta-Analysis 80
Hays' Meta-Analysis 80
Vogel's Meta-Analysis 82
Ke's Qualitative Meta-Analysis 83
Sitzmann's Meta-Analysis 85
Elements of Games 88
Key Takeaways 101
Chapter 5 Leveling Up: What Gamification Can Do 105
Chapter Questions 105
Introduction 106
Improving Surgeon Hand-Eye Coordination 106
Solving Problems 108
Teaching Higher Order Skills 110
Thinking the Unthinkable 112
Thinking Like Your Opponent 113
Engaging Learners in a Live Classroom 115
Helping People Lose Weight 116
Making Physical Therapy More Enjoyable 119
Influencing Pro-Social Behavior 119
Testing Knowledge and Performance 123
Good for Young and Old 125
Key Takeaways 126
Chapter 6 Achiever or Killer? Player Types and Game Patterns 127
Chapter Questions 127
Introduction 128
Types of Play 128
Player Skill Levels 131
Bartle's Player Types 132
Caillois' Patterns of Play 137
Game Interactions 141
Key Takeaways 142
Chapter 7 Applying Gamification to Problem Solving 143
Chapter Questions 143
Introduction 144
Differences Between Novices and Experts 145
Turning Novices into Experts 147
Preparing Firefighters 158
Gamification of Problem Solving 161
Key Takeaways 164
Chapter 8 Applying Gamifi cation to Learning Domains 165
Chapter Questions 165
Introduction 166
Declarative Knowledge 167
Conceptual Knowledge 171
Rules-Based Knowledge 177
Procedural Knowledge 181
Soft Skills 185
Affective Domain 185
Psychomotor Domain 187
Key Takeaways 190
Chapter 9 Managing the Gamifi cation Design Process 193
Chapter Questions 193
Introduction 194
Development Process: ADDIE vs. Scrum 195
Team 202
Design Document 205
Paper Prototyping 216
Key Takeaways 217
Chapter 10 Congratulations! Selecting the Right In-Game Achievements, by
Lucas Blair 219
Chapter Questions 219
Introduction 220
Measurement vs. Completion Achievements 220
Boring vs. Interesting Tasks 222
Achievement Difficulty 223
Goal Orientation 224
Expected vs. Unexpected Achievements 225
When Achievement Notification Occurs 227
Achievement Permanence 228
Who Can See Earned Achievements? 229
Negative Achievements 230
Achievements as Currency 231
Incremental and Meta Achievements 232
Competitive Achievements 233
Non-Competitive Cooperative Achievements 235
Key Takeaways 236
Chapter 11 Perspective of a Gamer, by Nathan Kapp 239
Chapter Questions 239
Introduction 240
Gamer Generation 240
Mario Kart: Thinking Outside the Box 240
Madden Football: Analyzing Problems 241
RuneScape: The Art of the Deal 243
Civilization Revolution: Balancing Resources 244
Games vs. School 245
Key Takeaways 246
Chapter 12 Casual Game Site: DAU Case Study, by Alicia Sanchez 247
Chapter Questions 247
Introduction 248
Games and Simulations in the Curriculum 248
DAU Casual Games Initiative 249
Games Portal 254
Key Takeaways 255
Chapter 13 Alternate Reality Games for Corporate Learning, by Koreen
Olbrish 257
Chapter Questions 257
Introduction 258
Zombie Apocalypse 258
What Is an ARG? 259
ARG Terminology 260
Design Principles for ARGs 261
Potential of ARGs 263
Key Takeaways 264
Chapter 14 If You Want to Learn More, Play Games 265
Chapter Questions 265
Introduction 266
Pick a Card, Any Card-A Game of Phones 266
Survival Master 271
The Virtue of Gamification 274
Next Steps 275
Key Takeaways 276
Glossary 277
Notes 285
Index 297

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List of Figures and Tables xii

Contents on the Web xv

Foreword by Kevin Kruse xvii

Preface xxi

Acknowledgments xxvii

About the Author xxix

Contributors xxxi

Chapter 1 What Is Gamification? 1

Chapter Questions 1

Introduction 2

Gamification in Action 2

What Is a Game? 6

What Is Gamification? 9

What Gamification Is Not 12

Gamification Versus Serious Games 15

Growth of Gamification 18

Who Is Using Gamification 19

Implications and Importance to the Future of Learning 22

Key Takeaways 23

Chapter 2 It’s in the Game: Understanding Game Elements 25

Chapter Questions 25

Introduction 26

Abstractions of Concepts and Reality 26

Goals 28

Rules 29

Conflict, Competition, or Cooperation 31

Time 32

Reward Structures 33

Feedback 35

Levels 37

Storytelling 41

Curve of Interest 45

Aesthetics 46

Replay or Do Over 48

Implications and Importance to the Future of Learning 49

Key Takeaways 50

Chapter 3 Theories Behind Gamification of Learning and Instruction 51

Chapter Questions 51

Introduction 51

Motivation 52

The Taxonomy of Intrinsic Motivation 58

Self-Determination Theory 63

Distributed Practice 65

Scaffolding 66

Episodic Memory 67

Cognitive Apprenticeship 69

Social Learning Theory 70

Flow 71

Key Takeaways 74

Chapter 4 Research Says Games Are Effective for Learning 75

Chapter Questions 75

Introduction 76

Game Research 76

Randel’s Meta-Analysis 77

Wolfe’s Meta-Analysis 80

Hays’ Meta-Analysis 80

Vogel’s Meta-Analysis 82

Ke’s Qualitative Meta-Analysis 83

Sitzmann’s Meta-Analysis 85

Elements of Games 88

Key Takeaways 101

Chapter 5 Leveling Up: What Gamification Can Do 105

Chapter Questions 105

Introduction 106

Improving Surgeon Hand-Eye Coordination 106

Solving Problems 108

Teaching Higher Order Skills 110

Thinking the Unthinkable 112

Thinking Like Your Opponent 113

Engaging Learners in a Live Classroom 115

Helping People Lose Weight 116

Making Physical Therapy More Enjoyable 119

Influencing Pro-Social Behavior 119

Testing Knowledge and Performance 123

Good for Young and Old 125

Key Takeaways 126

Chapter 6 Achiever or Killer? Player Types and Game Patterns 127

Chapter Questions 127

Introduction 128

Types of Play 128

Player Skill Levels 131

Bartle’s Player Types 132

Caillois’ Patterns of Play 137

Game Interactions 141

Key Takeaways 142

Chapter 7 Applying Gamification to Problem Solving 143

Chapter Questions 143

Introduction 144

Differences Between Novices and Experts 145

Turning Novices into Experts 147

Preparing Firefighters 158

Gamification of Problem Solving 161

Key Takeaways 164

Chapter 8 Applying Gamifi cation to Learning Domains 165

Chapter Questions 165

Introduction 166

Declarative Knowledge 167

Conceptual Knowledge 171

Rules-Based Knowledge 177

Procedural Knowledge 181

Soft Skills 185

Affective Domain 185

Psychomotor Domain 187

Key Takeaways 190

Chapter 9 Managing the Gamifi cation Design Process 193

Chapter Questions 193

Introduction 194

Development Process: ADDIE vs. Scrum 195

Team 202

Design Document 205

Paper Prototyping 216

Key Takeaways 217

Chapter 10 Congratulations! Selecting the Right In-Game Achievements, by Lucas Blair 219

Chapter Questions 219

Introduction 220

Measurement vs. Completion Achievements 220

Boring vs. Interesting Tasks 222

Achievement Difficulty 223

Goal Orientation 224

Expected vs. Unexpected Achievements 225

When Achievement Notification Occurs 227

Achievement Permanence 228

Who Can See Earned Achievements? 229

Negative Achievements 230

Achievements as Currency 231

Incremental and Meta Achievements 232

Competitive Achievements 233

Non-Competitive Cooperative Achievements 235

Key Takeaways 236

Chapter 11 Perspective of a Gamer, by Nathan Kapp 239

Chapter Questions 239

Introduction 240

Gamer Generation 240

Mario Kart: Thinking Outside the Box 240

Madden Football: Analyzing Problems 241

RuneScape: The Art of the Deal 243

Civilization Revolution: Balancing Resources 244

Games vs. School 245

Key Takeaways 246

Chapter 12 Casual Game Site: DAU Case Study, by Alicia Sanchez 247

Chapter Questions 247

Introduction 248

Games and Simulations in the Curriculum 248

DAU Casual Games Initiative 249

Games Portal 254

Key Takeaways 255

Chapter 13 Alternate Reality Games for Corporate Learning, by Koreen Olbrish 257

Chapter Questions 257

Introduction 258

Zombie Apocalypse 258

What Is an ARG? 259

ARG Terminology 260

Design Principles for ARGs 261

Potential of ARGs 263

Key Takeaways 264

Chapter 14 If You Want to Learn More, Play Games 265

Chapter Questions 265

Introduction 266

Pick a Card, Any Card—A Game of Phones 266

Survival Master 271

The Virtue of Gamification 274

Next Steps 275

Key Takeaways 276

Glossary 277

Notes 285

Index 297