This work was carried out at three sites in the Laghouat region, with the aim of studying and characterizing an endemic species, the Atlas pistachio (Pistacia atlantica), and assessing the damage caused by the golden aphid to this pistachio population. Our results revealed that our pistachio population is comparable to other regional stands, and is exposed to attack by several aphid species. The aphid fauna recorded at the three sites is made up of 03 different species: Forda riccobonii, Geoica utricularia and Smynthurodes betae. They belong to the Aphidinae subfamily. Several types of galls of different colors and shapes were observed. Statistical analysis revealed positive and significant correlations between the number of galls and tree biometric parameters such as tree height, crown height, trunk height, leaf width and leaflet length. Gall propagation is mainly due to the plant species, its stage of development, the aphid species and climatic conditions.