The utilization of environmental resources by rural communities in Kenya over the years has raised a lot of concerns about the sustainability of such resources for present and future generations. The competing land uses to meet subsistence, industrial and commercial requirements needs a critical analysis so as to balance between satisfaction of peoples' needs, development and conservation of natural resources. This book provides an overview of the relationship between rural communities and forest resources with particular emphasis on the role of forest resources on household food security and family income. The book highlights the critical role played by rural communities in environmental conservation in Kenya through provision of labour in forest establishment. Participation of all actors in environmental conservation is paramount in ensuring sustainable utilization of natural resources for present and future generations. This book is of importance to policy makers, community development practitioners, environmental planners, agriculturalists, foresters, water resource specialists, researchers and students.