This book has been written for designers, structural engineers, contractors, highway maintenance staff, environmentalists, landscape engineers, urban planners and also students of highway, bridge and landscape engineering faculties. Cover layout: Agata Misztal The photo on the cover shows a wildlife crossing over the A20 motorway in Germany, (Photo courtesy of Radoslaw Maron). Author: Prof. Alicja Solowczuk Dean of the Faculty of Road and Bridge Engineering, Department of Construction and Architecture West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Poland.