The aim of this study was to analyse different forms of assessment in order to understand their importance and their impact on the teacher/student relationship. The research followed a qualitative approach and was carried out with three teachers and three students from the 3rd to the 5th year of primary school at a public municipal school located in the Vale dos Sinos. Class observations were made, the Pedagogical Political Project was analysed and semi-structured interviews were conducted, which were recorded, transcribed by the researcher and used as research data. The interview was aimed at the following objectives: to research what assessment is and its importance; to analyse the assessment instruments used in order to understand whether assessment is being conducted for learning purposes; to know the meaning of assessment from the point of view of the student and the teacher, in order to understand the relationships between those involved in the assessment process. It is based on studies by the following authors: Demo (1997-2007), Esteban (1997-2002), Hoffmann (1992-2000-2008-2014), Krug (2015), Luckesi (1995-2000), among others.