The book is devoted to the study of the inner form of a word as a result of cognitive and evaluative human activity on the material of the names of flora and fauna realities. The topical problems connected with the analysis of the inner form of a word are considered in the structural-semantic and linguo-cultural framework. The work is full of illustrative material taken from works of fiction and folklore. The work is addressed to teachers, undergraduate and graduate students, as well as to all those interested in the extra-linguistic content of lexical semantics.