The work arises with the purpose of analyzing the legislation directed to the protection of children and adolescents, and how the State faces the theme of the young in conflict with the law. Starting for an evaluation of the application and effectiveness of the socio-educative measures through the report of the National Council of Justice. Through this perspective it was possible to verify the general characteristics of the construction of protective legislation aimed at children and adolescents in the Brazilian legal system, including the ECA and its guidelines on their fundamental rights, as well as the general characteristics of the Juvenile Criminal Law, bringing possible solutions through public and legal policies aimed at solving the problem of the juvenile offender.