We have proposed, in the following, to identify and, as much as possible, to reconstitute, based on the autobiographical writings (memorials, journals, autobiographical novels, essays) published by Ceslaw Milosz and Matei Calinescu - between 1945-1989 - the degree of (auto/self)censorship from communism and the experience of the American exile the two European writers lived and experienced, from the political-social point of view, but especially culturally and spiritually. In order to see in what degree their writings was a deliberate act of creation, an escape from reality, a conscious way or not of compensation of creation's drawbacks, a veiled or expressive demonstration, an objection or adaptation to the ideology of the time, we will take into consideration, for the Polish context, "The self-portrait of an obstinate", Ulro Region, Natal Europe, Captive mind and Memories in dialogue. A kind of journal, and The life and opinions of Zacharias Lichter, for the Romanian one (by Matei Calinescu),written and, in some cases published during the communist period.