This book explores the contributions of key thinkers of the Middle Ages who grappled with the complexity of the quest for knowledge and understanding of the divine. Through figures such as St. Augustine, who merged the Platonic tradition with Christianity; Al-Farabi, who integrated Aristotelian logic into Islamic thought; Anselm of Canterbury, known for his ontological argument for the existence of God; St. Thomas Aquinas, who unified reason and theology in his Summa Theologica; and Roger Bacon, champion of empiricism and scientific observation, fundamental dilemmas about knowledge, the afterlife, and the existence of God are examined. This intellectual journey reveals how their ideas formed a bridge between antiquity and medieval philosophy, leaving a lasting imprint on contemporary thought and on the understanding of the human essence in its search for answers.