With the technological advances that we experience every day, it is possible to notice that, to supply the lack of electric energy it is not necessary to implant systems that cause social and environmental impacts experienced in the past, these impacts are permanent and continuous, since a whole chain of both biotic and abiotic is altered, which directly interferes in people's lives either by climate social activities or geographical changes. It is important that the discussions generated in this study, even if delimited and based on facts that took place in Petrolândia PE, Braisil. is a clear answer to technicians and scholars who seek development projects that have as a way to supply the lack of electric energy, the Itaparica dam was and is a real and contemporary example of projects that aim to bring progress to poor and unstructured regions. The reallocation is usually part of the hydroelectric plants construction package, because the dams are the main instruments of the plants operation storing a large volume of water that ends up advancing through areas, not foreseen in the projects, generating future social consequences.