Anonymous

The Laws of Manu

Übersetzer: Doniger, Wendy; Smith, Brian K.

• Broschiertes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

Offers an encyclopaedic representation of human life in the world, and how it should be lived. This work encompasses topics as wide-ranging as the social obligations and duties of the various castes, the proper way for a righteous king to rule and to punish transgressors, relations between men and women, birth, death, taxes, karma, and rebirth.

Produktdetails

• Penguin Classics
• Verlag: Penguin Books Ltd
• Seitenzahl: 448
• Altersempfehlung: ab 18 Jahre
• Erscheinungstermin: 7. Januar 1992
• Englisch
• Abmessung: 198mm x 130mm x 22mm
• Gewicht: 336g
• ISBN-13: 9780140445404
• ISBN-10: 0140445404
• Artikelnr.: 21058062

Autorenporträt

Wendy Doniger is the Mircea Eliade Distinguished Service Professor of the History of Religions in the Divinity School at the University of Chicago, where she is also a professor of South Asian languages and civilizations. Her translations for Penguin Classics include The Laws of Manu and Hindu Myths.

Inhaltsangabe

The Laws of ManuAcknowledgments INTRODUCTION Part I: The History of the Text 1. The Importance of The Laws of Manu 2. The History of the Text in Europe: the British and Nietzsche 3. The Vedic Background: Food and Eaters 4. The Revaluation of All Values: Violence and Vegetarianism 5. The Authority of the Beda in Manu Part II: The Structure and Meaning of the Text 1. The Coherence of Manu 2. Law in Extremity 3. Contradictions in Manu 4. "Between the idea/And the reality" Part III: The Translation 1. Why Buhler is Not Good Enough 2. The Continuous Narrative 3. Translating Against the Commentaries 4. The Text and the Critical Apparatus THE LAWS OF MANU Chapter I Verses 1
4; Introducction; 5
20 Creation of the Universe; 21
30 Creation of Innate Activities; 31
5 Creation of the Social Order; 36
50 Creation of Creatures; 51
7 Brahma Sleeps and Wakes; 58
63 The Teaching of the Manus; 64
7 Time; 68
74 The Ages; 75
8 Creation of the Elements; 79
86 The Ages; 87
91 Duties of the Social Classes; 92
101 Pre
eminence of Priests; 102
10 Fruits of this Teaching; 111
19 Contents of This Teaching Chapter 2 1
5 The Value of Desire; 6
16 Canon and Tradition; 17
24 The Sacred Geography of India; 25
9 The Transformative Rituals; 30
35 The Name
giving; 36
49 Initiation; 41
7 The Period of Vedic Study; 48
51 The Student's Begging; 52
7 The Student's Eating; 58
65 Washing; 66
7 Transformative Ceremonies for Women; 68
73 Vedic Recitation; 74
87 "Om" and the Verse to the Sun
god; 88
100 Controlling the Sensory Powers; 101
4 Chanting the Verse to the Sun
god; 105
7 Reciting the Veda; 108
16 People to whom the Veda Should and Should Not Be Taught; 117
33 Greeting People; 134
9 Showing Respect; 140
43 Teachers and Priests; 144
53 The Teacher and the Parents; 154
8 Seniority by Knowledge of the Veda; 159
63 Modest Behaviour; 164
7 Inner Heat and Veda Study; 168
72 Initiation as Birth; 173
93 Proper Conduct for the Student; 194
206 Reverence to the Guru; 207
9 Reverence to the Guru's Son; 210
17 Caution with the Guru's Wife; 218
24 More Proper Conduct for the Student; 225
37 The Guru and the Parents; 238
42 People from whom One May Learn the Veda; 243
9 The Perpetual Student Chapter 3 1
3 Entering the Householder Stage; 4
7 Choosing a Wife; 8
11 Qualities to Avoid in a Wife; 12
19 Wives of Various Classes; 20
35 The Eight Forms of Marraige; 36
44 Results of Good and Bad Marriages; 45
50 Begetting Children; 51
4 Against the Bride
price; 55
63 The Importance of Treating Women Well; 64
6 The Importance of Vedic Verses; 67
74 The Five Great Sacrifices; 75
9 The Importance of the Householder; 80
83 Duties of the Householder; 84
6 Offerings to the Gods; 87
93 Propitiatory Offerings; 94
8 Giving Alms; 99
115 Treatment of Guests; 116
18 Eating Leftovers; 119
21 The Honey
mixture; 122
3 The Ceremony for the Dead; 124
37 People to Invite to the Ceremony for the Dead; 138
44 People Not to Invite to the Ceremony for the Dead; 145
9 More People to Invite to the Ceremony for the Dead; 150
68 More People Not to Invite to the Ceremony for the Dead; 169
75 Types of Adulterers Not to Invite; 176
82 People who Should Not Be at the Ceremony for the Dead; 183
6 Still More People to Invite to the Ceremony for the Dead; 187
90 The Invitation to the Ceremony for the Dead; 191
200 Ancestors of the Ancestors; 201
5 The Ritual to the Gods; 206
10 Preparing the Ceremony for the Dead; 211
13 The Ritual to the Gods; 214
23 The Ceremony for the Dead; 224
30 The Meal; 231
5 The Entertainment; 236
42 Potential Pollutions at the Meal; 243
8 Feeding Uninvited Guests; 249
50 More Potential Pollutions at the Meal; 251
9 The End of the Ceremony; 260
65 Disposing of Leftovers; 266
72 Benefits of Offering Various Foods; 273
82 Auspicious Days for the Ceremony; 283
6 Fruits of the Ceremony Chapter 4 1
12 Occupations for the Householder; 13
20 The Behaviour of the Householder; 21
4 Interior Sacrifices; 25
8 The Sacrifices of the Householder; 29
39 The Behaviour of the Householder; 40
44 Women that a Householder Should Avoid; 45
52 A Householder's Excretions; 53
81 General Comportment of a Householder; 84
91 Hells for those who Accept Gifts from Bad Kings; 92
8 Daily Rituals; 99
127 Occasions when the Veda Should Not Be Recited; 128
44 Miscellaneous Prohibitions for a Vedic Graduate; 145
9 Veda Recitation; 150
64 General Comportment of a Vedic Graduate; 165
9 Prohibitions against Harming Priests; 170
74 Avoiding Irreligion; 175
85 General Comportment of a Vedic Graduate; 186
91 Accepting Gifts; 192
200 Hypocrites; 201
4 General Comportment of a Vedic Graduate; 205
23 People whose Food One Should Not Eat; 224
8 Generosity; 229
37 Rewards for Giving Specific Gifts; 238
46 Rewards for Religious Merit after Death; 247
56 Gifts that may be Accepted; 257
60 The Meditation of a Vedic Graduate Chapter 5 1
4 Fatal Flaws; 5
10 Forbidden Foods; 11
18 Forbidden Birds, Fish and Animals; 19
21 Restorations for Eating Forbidden Foods; 22
5 Food that May be Eaten; 26
44 Meat that May Be Eaten; 46
56 Advantages of Not Eating Meat; 57
66 Pollution after Deaths and Births; 67
73 Pollution after the Death of Children and Women; 74
8 Pollution after a Death at a Distance; 79
84 Pollution after Other Deaths; 85
92 Other Pollutions; 93
9 The Purification of Kings; 100
104 The Death of a Distant Relative; 105
9 Sources of Purification; 110
14 Purification of Metals; 15
26 Purification of Various Objects; 127
31 Things that Are Always Clean; 132
45 Purification of the Polluted Body; 146
51 The Dependence of Women; 152
60 Obedience to the Husband; 161
4 Consequences, for Unfaithful Women; 165
9 The Death of a Wife Chapter 6 1
4 The Forest
dweller's Departure; 5
11 The Forest
dweller's Rituals; 12
21 The Forest
dweller's Food; 22
30 The Forest
dweller's Inner Heat; 31
2 The Forest
dweller's Death; 33
41 The Ascetic's Departure; 42
9 The Ascetic's Behaviour; 50
60 The Ascetic's Begging; 61
5 The Ascetic's Meditation on Transmigration; 66
72 The Ascetic's Duty and Breath
suppression; 73
5 The Ascetic's Meditation on Transmigration; 76
81 The Ascetic's Death; 82
5 The Ascetic's Veda; 86
90 Householder Ascetics; 91
4 The Ten
fold Duty; 95
7 Householder Renouncers Chapter 7 1
8 The King as Incarnation of the Gods; 9
13 The Anger of the King; 14
19 The Rod of Punishment; 20
31 Incorrect and Correct Punishment; 32
5 The Good King; 36
42 The Humility of the King; 44
53 The Eighteen Vices; 54
62 Ministers; 63
8 The Ambassador; 69
77 Fortifications; 78
81 Other Officials; 82
6 Giving Gifts to Priests; 87
98 Warfare; 99
101 Four Ways of Accomplishing Goals; 102
6 Readiness; 107
9 The Four Expedients; 110
13 Guarding the Kingdom; 114
19 The Appointment of Officials; 120
24 Guarding against Corruption; 124
32 Wages and Taxation; 133
6 Protecting Learned Priests; 137
40 Tax Exemptions for the Poor; 141
4 Protecting the Subjects; 145
53 The King's Day; 154
8 The Circle of Enemies and Allies; 159
76 The Six Tactics; 177
80 The Essence of Political Policy; 181
8 Marching; 189
94 Deploying Troops; 195
7 Laying Siege; 198
200 The Four Expedients; 201
11 Behaviour in Victory; 212
15 Behaviour in Extremity; 216
20 The King's Food and Poision; 221
6 The King's Relaxations Chapter 8 1
3 The King as Judge; 4
7 The Eighteen Causes of Legal Action; 8
11 The Judges; 12
22 The Dangers of Injustice; 23
6 Investigative Techniques; 27
9 The Property of Women and Children; 30
34 Property Lost and Found; 35
9 Treasure Trove; 40
46 General Principles of Law; 47
51 Debtors and Creditors; 52
60 Debtors who Violate Court Procedures; 61
78 Witnesses in Cases of Debt; 79
88 Charging the Witnesses; 89
101 Consequences of Giving False Evidence; 103
8 Reasons and Redemptions for Giving False Evidence; 109
16 Oaths and Ordeals; 117
23 Punishments for Giving False Evidence; 124
30 Forms of Punishment; 131
9 The Measurements of Fines; 140
62 Interest Rates, Loans, and Pledges; 163
8 Contracts; 169
75 The King's Behaviour; 176
8 Debts; 179
96 Deposits; 197
202 Sale without Ownership; 203
5 Bride
price; 206
13 Sacrificial Gifts to Officiating Priests; 214
17 Failure to Pay Wages; 218
23 Breach of Contract; 224
9 Flawed and Invalid Weddings; 230
36 Responsibilities of Herdsmen; 237
44 Damage Done by Livestock; 245
66 Boundary Disputes; 267
78 Verbal Assault; 279
87 Physical Assault; 288
9 Damage to Property; 290
98 Traffic Accidents; 299
300 Corporal Punishment; 301
9 The King's Right to Tax; 310
13 The King's Duty to Punish; 314
18 The Punishment of Thieves by the King; 319
38 Punishments for Various Thefts; 339
43 Permissible Thefts; 344
51 Acts of Violence; 352
63 Sexual Misconduct; 364
8 The Corruption of Maidens; 369
70 Lesbianism; 371
3 Adultery; 374
8 Punishments for Inter
class Sexuality; 379
81 Priests Exempt from Capital Punishment; 382
5 More Punishments for Inter
class Sexuality; 386
97 Miscellaneous Rules; 398
403 Duties and Fixed Prices; 404
9 Ferry
fares and Boat
fares; 410
20 The Work of Commoners and Servants Chapter 9 1
4 The Dependence of Women; 5
18 Why Women Should Be Guarded; 19
21 Restorations for Women's Errors; 22
5 The Dependence of Women on Husbands; 26
30 The Importance of Women; 31
40 The Son Born in the Husband's Field; 41
55 The Danger of Sowing in Another Man's Field; 56
70 Producing Male Heirs by Appointment; 71
3 Rejection of a Bride; 74
9 Separation from or Hatred of a Husband; 80
84 Rejection of a Wife; 85
7 Wives of Various Classes; 88
92 The Father's Duty to Give his Daughter; 93
100 Against the Bride
price; 101
2 Fidelity: Marriage in a Nutshell; 103
10 Inheritance of the Eldest Son; 111
19 Inheritance of the Other Sons and Daughters; 120
21 Inheritance of the Son Born in the Field; 122
6 Inheritance of Sons of Various Wives; 127
36 Inheritance through Appointed Daughters; 137
9 Salvation through Sons; 140
2 Sons' Roles in the Funeral Ritual; 143
7 Disinheritance of Sons of Appointed Daughters; 148
57 Inheritance of Sons of Wives of Various Classes; 158
81 Twelve Kinds of Sons; 182
91 Miscellaneous Heirs; 192
200 Inheritance of the Mother's Estate; 201
6 Inheritance of Defective Sons and Educated Sons; 207
19 Inheritance of Divided and United Brothers; 220
28 The Evils of Gambling; 229
34 Miscellaneous Punishments Inflicted by the King; 235
42 Punishments by the King for Major Crimes; 243
7 Fines Not to Revert to the King; 248
9 Corporal and Capital Punishment by the King; 250
55 Duties of a King; 256
71 Detection and Punishment of Thieves; 272
93 More Miscellaneous Punishments by the King; 294
297 The Elements of the Kingdom; 298
302 The King's Behaviour, like the Ages; 303
12 The King's Behaviour, like the Gods'; 313
25 The King's Deference to Priests; 326
36 The Duties of Commoners and Servants Chapter 10 1
4 The Four Classes; 5
10 Sons and Outcasts Born "with
the
grain"; 11
19 Outcasts Born "against
the
grain"; 20
23 Outlaws and their Offspring; 24
31 Excluded Classes Born "against
the
grain"; 32
40 The Offspring of Excluded Classes and Aliens; 41
4 Risen and Fallen Degraded Castes; 45
9 The Occupations of Aliens and Outcasts; 50
56 The Treatment of Outcasts; 57
61 The Character and Behaviour of Outcasts; 62
8 Rising in Caste through Virtue; 69
73 The Seed and the Field; 74
80 The Occupations of the Twice
born; 81
94 Priests Living as Rulers or Commoners; 95
100 Rulers, Commoners, and Servants Living as Other Classes; 101
4 Priests in Adversity; 105
8 Famous Priests in Adversity; 109
17 Three Courses and Seven Ways for Priests in Adversity; 118
20 Rulers in Extremity; 121
5 Servants in Adversity; 126
31 The Duties of Servants Chapter 11 1
4 Vedic Graduates who Beg; 5
10 Supporting Dependants; 11
26 Obtaining Sacrificial Materials from Others; 27
30 Sacrificing in Extremity; 31
5 The Priest's Right to Punish; 36
43 People who Should Not Give the Daily Fire Sacrifice; 44
7 Restorations; 48
54 Physical Results of Unrestored Crimes; 55
9 The Major Crimes; 60
67 The Minor Crimes; 68
71 Crimes that Cause Loss of Caste; 72
90 Restorations for Killing a Priest; 91
8 Restorations for Drinking Liquor; 99
102 Restorations for Stealing Gold; 103
7 Restorations for Killing a Cow; 118
24 Restorations for Shedding Semen; 125
6 Restorations for Loss of Caste; 127
31 Restorations for Killing People other than Priests; 132
46 Resorations for Killing Animals; 147
50 Restorations for Drinking Intoxicating Drinks; 151
61 Restorations for Eating Forbidden Foods; 162
9 Restorations for Theft; 170
79 Restorations for Having Sex with Forbidden Women; 180
91 Restorations for Associating with Fallen Men; 192
7 Reentering the Community; 198
204 Miscellaneous Restorations; 205
10 Restorations for Insulting Priests; 211
20 Descriptions of Vows of Restoration; 221
6 General Restorations; 227
33 Remorse; 234
45 Inner Heat as Restoration; 246
8 Veda as Restoration; 249
61 Particular Vedic Verses as Restorations; 262
6 Veda as Restoration Chapter 12 1
2 The Fruits of Actions; 3
11 Acts of Mind, Speech, and Body; 12
15 The Knower of the Field; 16
23 Construction of the Body for Hell; 24
38 The Three Qualities of the Self; 39
53 Transmigrations according to Qualities; 54
72 Transmigrations according to Crimes; 73
81 The Torments of Hells and Transmigrations; 82
5 Acts that Bring about the Supreme Good; 86
90 Vedic Activity; 91
3 Knowledge of the Self; 94
106 The Value of Knowing the Veda; 107
15 Authorities and Legal Assemblies; 116
26 Meditation on the Self Bibliography Index and Glossary