The Legacy of Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah and Crown Prince Haji Al-Muhtadee Billah in the Nation of Brunei, the Abode of Peace - A Study of Human Rights Violations, Gender Violence and Violation of Freedom of Expression in Brunei Darussalam - O'Doherty, Mark
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The human rights situation in Brunei has raised considerable concern in the international community due to Brunei's Syariah Penal Code (SPCO) which went into effect on April 3, 2019 - the law imposing death by stoning for extramarital sex and anal sex; and a wide range of restrictions that discriminate against women and gender minorities, and violates freedom of expression. Although Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah has described a "de facto moratorium on capital punishment" in Brunei - stating that the death penalty would not be enforced in the implementation of the SPCO - the sultan could reverse his…mehr

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Produktbeschreibung
The human rights situation in Brunei has raised considerable concern in the international community due to Brunei's Syariah Penal Code (SPCO) which went into effect on April 3, 2019 - the law imposing death by stoning for extramarital sex and anal sex; and a wide range of restrictions that discriminate against women and gender minorities, and violates freedom of expression. Although Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah has described a "de facto moratorium on capital punishment" in Brunei - stating that the death penalty would not be enforced in the implementation of the SPCO - the sultan could reverse his decision on a whim; and the punishments of amputation and whipping could still be used. Even if its harshest provisions are not enforced, the law will serve its evident purpose: to cement discrimination against LGBT people and women. Hence this book endeavours to improve public policy in Brunei; by exploring both social scientific and Islamic approaches, so that human rights and gender equality can be improved in Brunei.
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Sources: https://www.africanews.com/2023/08/17/over-60-dead-in-migrant-boat-sinking-off-cape-verde-coast/ https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2017/7/22/saving-senegals-sons-from-vanishing-in-european-seas https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/4/11/iom-african-migrants-traded-in-libyas-slave-markets https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2023/jun/19/people-smugglers-migrant-boat-disaster-greece https://www.theguardian.com/world/refugees https://edition.cnn.com/specials/cnn-crews-migrant-crisis https://www.theguardian.com/world/africa https://www.africanews.com/2022/10/20/malawi-finds-mass-grave-of-suspected-ethiopian-migrants/ https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/nov/01/ethiopians-found-in-malawi-mass-grave-thought-to-have-suffocated There are increasing reports of abductions of those being transported, who are only freed after families pay substantial ransoms to traffickers. Families often paid money in advance to major smugglers in Ethiopia. Other less significant actors often make further cash by exploiting Ethiopian migrants and refugees on the way. "It becomes a relay, with the migrants taken from one to another agent and each charging their own money. They hijack them and demand ransom money." Abductions often occur immediately after people have been smuggled across the border from Zimbabwe into South Africa - after weeks of traveling from east Africa. "The kidnappers wait for them and then hide them and send to their relatives asking for more money ... It is big business. Even police and immigration officials are [involved]" The IOM report found that close to 51,000 Ethiopian migrants had gone missing since 2016. 4,265 deaths and 1,707 disappearances were recorded along the route to South Africa. An overwhelming number of migrants said they had experienced a severe lack of food, water or shelter on their journey, the IOM researchers found. Most had suffered abuse, violence, assault or torture, while one in four had been asked to find additional money for bribes, despite already paying an average of US$5,000 for the journey. Hence African law enforcement agencies - together with the assistance of the International Intelligence Community - must bring the perpetrators of these severe crimes to Justice. Furthermore, the International Community must provide greater assistance to disadvantaged communities who are challenged with socioeconomic deprivation - so that abductions, kidnapping and murder through forced migration can be stopped.