Zanthoxylum acanthopodium is found in northeast India. In Meghalaya, the seeds of this plant are used by local people as fish poison. With an aim to explore biological properties of the seeds of the plant and to establish traditional knowledge, the seeds were extracted with various solvents. The extracts were studied for the presence of phyto-constituents and biological activities. This book presents an overview of different species of Zanthoxylum and report of the phytochemical screening with HPTLC fingerprint of different extracts including FTIR of the essential oil of the seeds. The result of the studies on the biological activities with special emphasis on Mosquito repellent, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Membrane Stabilizing, Muscle relaxant, Anthelmintic and Cytotoxic activities are presented in this book. This book will be helpful for the researchers and would provide ample opportunities for further research.