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The McGraw-Hill Guide to Writing is designed to help students learn to write more effectively not only in their college courses but also in their professional, civic, and personal lives. Combining a flexible reader, rhetoric, research guide, and handbook, The McGraw-Hill Guide shows students how to set goals for their writing, to use effective composing strategies to reach those goals, and to assess their progress toward achieving them. Based on the idea that effective writers are strong communicators in any context, The McGraw-Hill Guide to Writing emphasizes the skills established by the…mehr
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The McGraw-Hill Guide to Writing is designed to help students learn to write more effectively not only in their college courses but also in their professional, civic, and personal lives. Combining a flexible reader, rhetoric, research guide, and handbook, The McGraw-Hill Guide shows students how to set goals for their writing, to use effective composing strategies to reach those goals, and to assess their progress toward achieving them. Based on the idea that effective writers are strong communicators in any context, The McGraw-Hill Guide to Writing emphasizes the skills established by the Writing Program Administrator's Outcomes Statement that form the foundation of assessment practices at writing programs throughout the country -- rhetorical knowledge, critical thinking, writing processes, and conventions. These skills form the basis of the instruction in each assignment chapter and throughout the text.
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Produktdetails
- Produktdetails
- Verlag: McGraw Hill LLC
- Seitenzahl: 927
- Erscheinungstermin: 8. Januar 2008
- Englisch
- Abmessung: 238mm x 187mm x 40mm
- Gewicht: 1864g
- ISBN-13: 9780072496475
- ISBN-10: 0072496479
- Artikelnr.: 23137119
- Verlag: McGraw Hill LLC
- Seitenzahl: 927
- Erscheinungstermin: 8. Januar 2008
- Englisch
- Abmessung: 238mm x 187mm x 40mm
- Gewicht: 1864g
- ISBN-13: 9780072496475
- ISBN-10: 0072496479
- Artikelnr.: 23137119
Writing for College, Writing for Life
Part 1: Getting Started1. Writing Goals and Objectives for College and for
Life
WRITING IN THE FOUR AREAS OF YOUR LIFE
Writing as a College StudentWriting as a ProfessionalWriting as a
CitizenWriting as a Family Member or Friend
WRITING IN THE FOUR AREAS IN THIS COURSE
LEARNING GOALS IN THIS COURSE
Rhetorical KnowledgeCritical Thinking, Reading, and WritingWriting
ProcessesKnowledge of Conventions
BECOMING A SELF-REFLECTIVE WRITER
WRITING IN TODAY'S WORLD
Writing ResponsiblyWriting Technologies2. Reading Critically for College
and for Life
USING PRE-READING STRATEGIES
READING ACTIVELY
Annotating EffectivelyReading VisualsReading Web Sites
USING POST-READING STRATEGIES
Starting Your Writer's / Research JournalWriting Effective
SummariesSynthesizing Information in ReadingsUsing Your Reading in Your Own
Writing3. Writing to Discover and to Learn
USING INVENTION STRATEGIES TO DISCOVER IDEAS
ListingFreewritingQuestioningAnswering the Questions Who? What? Why? When?
Where? How?BrainstormingClustering
KEEPING NOTEBOOKS AND JOURNALS
Double-Entry NotebookField NotebookVocabulary JournalExpanding the Journal
Concept
REWRITING YOUR CLASS NOTES
Minute PaperMuddiest PointPreconception CheckParaphrasing
ORGANIZING AND SYNTHESIZING INFORMATION
Invented DialogueInvented Interview/Unsent LetterRésumé/VitaBio-Poem
USING CHARTS AND VISUALS TO DISCOVER AND TO LEARN
Clustering and Concept MappingProcess FlowchartTime Line/ChronologyPedigree
Chart
STUDYING FOR EXAMS
Test QuestionsMnemonic PlayPart 2: Using What You've Learned to Share
Information4. Writing to Share Experiences
RHETORICAL KNOWLEDGE
Writing to Share Experiences in Your College ClassesWriting to Share
Experiences for LifeScenarios for Writing: Assignment OptionsWriting for
CollegeWriting for LifeRhetorical Considerations in Sharing Your
Experiences
CRITICAL THINKING, READING, AND WRITING
Learning the Qualities of Effective Writing about ExperiencesReading,
Inquiry, and Research: Learning from Narratives That Share Experiences
Russell Baker, On Becoming a Writer
Tanya Barrientos, Se Habla Español
Charles Ogletree, from All Deliberate Speed
Thinking about Visuals That Share ExperiencesDrawing on Research about
Experiences
WRITING PROCESSES
Invention: Getting StartedExploring Your Ideas with ResearchVisualizing
Variations: Using Photos and Documents as SourcesOrganizing Your Ideas and
DetailsConstructing a Complete DraftRevisingResponding to Readers' Comments
KNOWLEDGE OF CONVENTIONS
EditingGenres, Documentation, and FormatWriting in Action: Convention in
Genre and Design
A WRITER SHARES HER EXPERIENCES: JESSICA HEMAUER'S FINAL DRAFT
Jessica Hemauer, Farm Girl
SELF-ASSESSMENT: REFLECTING ON YOUR LEARNING GOALS
5. Writing to Explore
RHETORICAL KNOWLEDGE
Writing to Explore in Your College ClassesWriting to Explore For
LifeScenarios for Writing: Assignment OptionsWriting for CollegeWriting for
LifeRhetorical Considerations for Exploratory Writing
CRITICAL THINKING, READING, AND WRITING
Learning the Qualities of Effective Exploratory WritingReading, Inquiry,
and Research: Learning from Texts That Explore
Kenneth Chang, Scientist at Work: Terence Tao; Journeys to the Distant
Fields of Prime
Michael Wolff, Bipolar Iraq
P.J O'Rourke, Memoir Essay
Thinking About Visuals That ExploreDrawing on Research to Explore Your
Subject
WRITING PROCESSES
Invention: Getting StartedExploring Your Ideas with ResearchOrganizing Your
Ideas and DetailsConstructing a Complete DraftVisualizing Variations: Using
Visuals to Make Your Exploration ClearRevisingResponding to Readers'
Comments
KNOWLEDGE OF CONVENTIONS
EditingGenres, Documentation, and Format Writing in Action: Convention in
Genre and Design
A WRITER SHARES HIS EXPLORATION: RICK MOHLER'S FINAL DRAFT
Rick Mohler, A Sporting Career?
SELF-ASSESSMENT: REFLECTING ON YOUR LEARNING GOALS
6. Writing to Inform
RHETORICAL KNOWLEDGE
Writing to Inform in Your College ClassesWriting to Inform for LifeWriting
for LifeRhetorical Considerations in Informative Writing
CRITICAL THINKING, READING, AND WRITING
Learning the Qualities of Effective Informative WritingReading, Writing,
and Research: Learning from Texts That Inform
Harold Peterson, The Man Who Invented Baseball
Carol Ezzell, Clocking Cultures
Katie Hafner, Growing Wikipedia Revises Its 'Anyone Can Edit' Policy
Thinking about Visuals That InformDrawing on Research to Inform Your
Readers
WRITING PROCESSES
Invention: Getting StartedExploring Your Ideas with ResearchOrganizing Your
Information and ResearchConstructing a Complete DraftVisualizing
Variations: Using a Web Site, Poster, or Brochure to Inform Your
ReadersRevising Responding to Readers' Comments
KNOWLEDGE OF CONVENTIONS
Editing Genres, Documentation, and FormatWriting in Action: Convention in
Genre and Design
A WRITER INFORMS HIS READERS: CRAIG BROADBENT'S FINAL DRAFT
Craig Broadbent, Watch for the Blue Barrels
SELF-ASSESSMENT: REFLECTING ON YOUR LEARNING GOALS
7. Writing to Analyze
RHETORICAL KNOWLEDGE
Writing to Analyze in your College ClassesWriting to Analyze For
LifeScenarios for Writing: Assignment OptionsWriting for CollegeWriting for
LifeRhetorical Considerations in Analytical Writing
CRITICAL THINKING, READING, AND WRITING
Learning the Qualities of Effective Analytical WritingReading, Writing, and
Research: Learning from Texts That Analyze
James M. Lang, Putting In the Hours
John Rockhold, Pay Less at the Pump: The Hybrid Revolution
Tamara Draut, All Work and No Play
Thinking about Visuals That AnalyzeDrawing on Research to Analyze Your
Subject
WRITING PROCESSES
Invention: Getting StartedExploring Your Ideas with ResearchOrganizing Your
InformationConstructing a Complete DraftVisualizing Variations: Using
Charts and Graphs to Make Your Analysis ClearRevising Responding to
Readers' Comments
KNOWLEDGE OF CONVENTIONS
Editing Genres, Documentation, and Format Writing in Action: Convention in
Genre and Design
A WRITER SHARES HER ANALYSIS: SARAH WASHINGTON'S FINAL DRAFT
Sarah Washington, Campus Parking: Love It or Leave It
SELF-ASSESSMENT: REFLECTING ON YOUR LEARNING GOALS
Part 3 Using What You've Learned to Write Arguments8. Writing to Convince
RHETORICAL KNOWLEDGE
Writing to Convince in Your College ClassesWriting to Convince for
LifeScenarios for Writing: Assignment OptionsWriting for CollegeWriting for
LifeRhetorical Considerations for Persuasive Writing
CRITICAL THINKING, READING, AND WRITING
Learning the Qualities of Effective Persuasive Writing Reading, Inquiry,
and Research: Learning from Texts That Persuade
Anne Applebaum, When Women Go to War
Maureen Dowd, Our Own Warrior Princess, and Brian J. G. Pereira, M.D.,
Letter responding to Dowd
Arthur Levine and Jeanette S. Cureton, Collegiate Life: An Obituary
Thinking about Visuals That PersuadeDrawing on Research to Persuade your
Reader
WRITING PROCESSES
Invention: Getting StartedExploring Your Ideas with ResearchReviewing Your
Invention and ResearchOrganizing Your InformationConstructing a Complete
DraftVisualizing Variations: Using Charts and Photographs to Support Your
ClaimRevising Responding to Readers' Comments
KNOWLEDGE OF CONVENTIONS
Editing Genres, Documentation, and Format Writing in Action: Convention in
Genre and Design
A WRITER SHARES HIS PERSUASIVE WRITING: SANTI DEROSA'S FINAL DRAFT
Santi DeRosa, The Objectification of Women: Whose Fault is It?
SELF-ASSESSMENT: REFLECTING ON YOUR LEARNING GOALS
9. Writing to Evaluate
RHETORICAL KNOWLEDGE
Writing to Analyze in Your College ClassesWriting to Evaluate for
LifeScenarios for Writing: Assignment OptionsWriting for CollegeWriting for
LifeRhetorical Considerations for Evaluative Writing
CRITICAL THINKING, READING, AND WRITING
Reading, Inquiry, and Research: Learning from Texts That Evaluate
Roger Ebert, Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone
Elvis Mitchell, Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone
Matthew Power, Immersion Journalism
Thinking about Visuals That EvaluateDrawing on Research for Your Evaluation
WRITING PROCESSES
Invention: Getting StartedExploring Your Ideas with ResearchReviewing Your
Invention and ResearchOrganizing Your EvaluationConstructing a Complete
DraftVisualizing Variations: Using Visuals to Support Your Evaluation
Revising Responding to Readers' Comments
KNOWLEDGE OF CONVENTIONS
EditingGenres, Documentation, and Format Writing in Action: Convention in
Genre and Design
A WRITER SHARES HER EVALUATION: ANNLEE LAWRENCE'S FINAL DRAFT
Annlee Lawrence, Who Has the Healthier Burger?
SELF-ASSESSMENT: REFLECTING ON YOUR LEARNING GOALS
10. Writing to Explain Causes and Effects
RHETORICAL KNOWLEDGE
Writing about Causes and Effects in Your College ClassesWriting about
Causes and Effects for LifeScenarios for Writing: Assignment OptionsWriting
for CollegeWriting for LifeRhetorical Considerations in Cause-Effect
Writing
CRITICAL THINKING, READING, AND WRITING
Learning the Qualities of Effective Writing about Causes and
EffectsReading, Inquiry, and Research: Learning from Texts That Explain
Cause-and-Effect Relationships
Juan Williams, Brown v. Board of Education
Bruce Nussbaum, Where Are the Jobs?
Neal Gabler, How Urban Myths Reveal Society's Fears
Thinking About Visuals That Indicate Cause-and-EffectDrawing on Research to
Demonstrate Causes or Effects
WRITING PROCESSES
Invention: Getting StartedExploring Your Ideas with ResearchOrganizing Your
Cause-Effect PaperConstructing a Complete DraftVisualizing Variations:
Choosing Visuals That Illustrate Cause-and-Effect
RelationshipsRevisingResponding to Readers' Comments
KNOWLEDGE OF CONVENTIONS
EditingGenres, Documentation, and Format Writing in Action: Convention in
Genre and Design
A WRITER SHARES HER CAUSAL ANALYSIS: DEBORAH SCHLEGEL'S FINAL DRAFT
Deborah Schlegel, Weather Forecast: Bikinis or Parkas?
SELF-ASSESSMENT: REFLECTING ON YOUR LEARNING GOALS
11. Writing to Solve Problems
RHETORICAL KNOWLEDGE
Writing to Solve Problems in Your College ClassesWriting to Solve Problems
for LifeScenarios for Writing: Assignment OptionsWriting for CollegeWriting
for LifeRhetorical Considerations in Writing to Solve Problems
CRITICAL THINKING, READING, AND WRITING
Learning the Qualities of Effective Problem-SolvingReading, Writing, and
Research: Learning from Texts That Propose Solutions
Michelle Mise Pollard, The Nursing Crisis: The Solution Lies Within
Thomas L. Friedman, World War III
Michael Bérubé, How to End Grade Inflation
Thinking about Visuals That Present a Problem and Give a SolutionDrawing on
Research to Solve Problems
WRITING PROCESSES
Invention: Getting StartedExploring Your Ideas with ResearchOrganizing Your
InformationConstructing a Complete DraftVisualizing Variations: Alternative
Forms for Solving ProblemsRevising Responding to Readers' Comments
KNOWLEDGE OF CONVENTIONS
Editing Genres, Documentation, and FormatWriting in Action: Convention in
Genre and Design
A WRITER PROPOSES HER SOLUTION: ESTHER ELLSWORTH'S FINAL DRAFT
Esther Ellsworth, Comprehensive Land Use Planning in Arizona
SELF-ASSESSMENT: REFLECTING ON YOUR LEARNING GOALS
12. Writing about a Creative Work
RHETORICAL KNOWLEDGE
Writing about a Creative Work in Your College ClassesWriting about a
Creative Work for LifeScenarios for Writing: Assignment OptionsWriting for
CollegeWriting for LifeRhetorical Considerations for Writing about a
Creative Work
CRITICAL THINKING, READING, AND WRITING
Learning the Qualities of Effective Writing about a Creative Work Reading,
Inquiry, and Research: Learning from Literary Works
Don DeLillo, Videotape
John Edgar Wideman, Ascent by Balloon from the Yard of Walnut Street Jail
Amy Tan, Alien Relative
Thinking about Visuals When Writing about Creative WorksDrawing on Research
WRITING PROCESSES
Invention: Getting StartedVisualizing Variations: Selecting a Creative Work
to Write aboutExploring Your Ideas with ResearchOrganizing Your Ideas and
DetailsConstructing a Complete DraftRevising Responding to Readers'
Comments
KNOWLEDGE OF CONVENTIONS
EditingGenres, Documentation, and Format
A WRITER SHARES HER WRITING ABOUT A CREATIVE WORK: HANNA EARLEY'S FINAL
DRAFT
Hanna Earley, That Doesn't Mean We Want Him to Stop: Suspense in Don
DeLillo's "Videotape"
SELF-ASSESSMENT: REFLECTING ON YOUR LEARNING GOALS
Part 4: Strategies for Effective Communication13. Using Strategies that
Guide Readers
ANNOUNCING A THESIS OR CONTROLLING IDEAWRITING PARAGRAPHS
Placement of Topic SentencesMoving to a New ParagraphOpening
ParagraphsConcluding Paragraphs
USING COHESIVE DEVICES
Using Connective Words and PhrasesUsing Transitional Sentences and
ParagraphsUsing Headings and Subheadings
USING ORGANIZING STRATEGIES
WRITING NARRATIVES
WRITING DESCRIPTIONS
WRITING DEFINITIONS
WRITING CLASSIFICATIONS
WRITING ABOUT COMPARISONS AND CONTRASTS USING OUTLINES AND MAPS TO ORGANIZE
YOUR WRITING
14. Using Strategies that Persuade Readers
ARGUMENT AND PERSUASION
RHETORICAL APPEALS
Logical AppealsEthical AppealsEmotional AppealsThe Rhetorical Triangle:
Considering the Appeals Together
THREE APPROACHES TO ARGUMENT
Classical Strategies for Arguing
Jaron Lanier, Beware the Online Collective
Toulmin Strategies for Arguing
Stanley Fish, But I Didn't Do It!
Rogerian Strategies for Arguing
Rick Reilly, Nothing but Nets
SOME COMMON FLAWS IN ARGUMENTS
15. Using Strategies for Collaboration
WORKING WITH PEERS ON YOUR SINGLE-AUTHORED PROJECTS
Strategies for Working with Peers on Your ProjectsUsing Digital Tools for
Peer ReviewUsing Catalyst for Peer Review
WORKING WITH PEERS ON MULTIPLE-AUTHORED PROJECTS
Strategies for Working with Peers EffectivelyUsing Digital Tools for
Facilitating Multi-Authored Projects16. Making Effective Oral Presentations
DEVELOPING YOUR PRESENTATION
ESTABLISHING A CLEAR STRUCTURE
CONSIDERING YOUR AUDIENCE
ELIMINATING THE FEAR OF SPEAKING IN PUBLIC
IMPROMPTU PRESENTATIONS
Part 5: Technologies for Effective Communication17. Choosing a Medium,
Genre, and Technology for Your Communication
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES
PUBLISHING YOUR WORK
SELECTING A GENRE AND A MEDIUM
Deciding on a Genre for Your WorkDeciding Whether to Use Print, Electronic,
or Oral MediaConsidering Design
TECHNOLOGIES FOR COMPUTER-MEDIATED COMMUNICATION
E-mailThreaded DiscussionsSynchronous ChatBlogsWord-Processing SoftwarePeer
Review ApplicationsGraphics SoftwareDesktop Publishing SoftwarePresentation
SoftwareTechnologies for Constructing Web Pages18. Communicating with
Design and Visuals
PRINCIPLES OF DOCUMENT DESIGN
ProximityContrastAlignmentRepetition (or Consistency)
COMMON KINDS OF VISUAL TEXTS
TablesBar and Line GraphsChartsPhotographsDrawingsDiagramsMapsCartoons
USING VISUALS RHETORICALLY
Considering Your AudienceConsidering Your Purpose
USING VISUALS RESPONSIBLY
PermissionsDistortionsPart 6: Using Research for Informed Communication19.
Finding and Evaluating Information from Sources and the Field
CONDUCTING EFFECTIVE RESEARCH: AN EXAMPLE
Library ResearchResearch on the World Wide Web
SELECTING SOURCES
BooksAcademic JournalsNewspapersPopular MagazinesTrade or Commercial
MagazinesPublic Affairs MagazinesSpecialty MagazinesThe Internet
EVALUATING YOUR SOURCES: ASKING THE REPORTER'S QUESTIONS
Who Is the Author?What Is the Text About? What Is the Quality of the
Information?When Was the Text Published or the Web Site Last Updated?Why
Was This Information Published?Where Was the Item Published?How Accurate Is
the Information in This Source?
FIELD RESEARCH
Working with Human SubjectsInformed ConsentObservationsInterviewsSurveys
and Questionnaires20. Synthesizing and Documenting Sources
QUOTATIONS
PARAPHRASES
SUMMARIES
ELLIPSIS
MLA DOCUMENTATION STYLE
MLA Style: In-Text CitationMLA Style: Constructing a List of Works Cited
MLA Style: Sample Student Paper
APA DOCUMENTATION STYLE
APA Style: In-Text CitationAPA Style: Constructing a References ListAPA
Style: Sample Student PaperA Writer's Handbook
C: Common Sentence Problems
S: Style
P: Punctuation
M: Mechanics
I: A Guide for Multilingual Writers
G: Guid e to Sentence Structure
Appendix A: Constructing a Writing PortfolioAppendix B: Writing Effective
Essay ExaminationsAppendix C: Standard Document Forms
Part 1: Getting Started1. Writing Goals and Objectives for College and for
Life
WRITING IN THE FOUR AREAS OF YOUR LIFE
Writing as a College StudentWriting as a ProfessionalWriting as a
CitizenWriting as a Family Member or Friend
WRITING IN THE FOUR AREAS IN THIS COURSE
LEARNING GOALS IN THIS COURSE
Rhetorical KnowledgeCritical Thinking, Reading, and WritingWriting
ProcessesKnowledge of Conventions
BECOMING A SELF-REFLECTIVE WRITER
WRITING IN TODAY'S WORLD
Writing ResponsiblyWriting Technologies2. Reading Critically for College
and for Life
USING PRE-READING STRATEGIES
READING ACTIVELY
Annotating EffectivelyReading VisualsReading Web Sites
USING POST-READING STRATEGIES
Starting Your Writer's / Research JournalWriting Effective
SummariesSynthesizing Information in ReadingsUsing Your Reading in Your Own
Writing3. Writing to Discover and to Learn
USING INVENTION STRATEGIES TO DISCOVER IDEAS
ListingFreewritingQuestioningAnswering the Questions Who? What? Why? When?
Where? How?BrainstormingClustering
KEEPING NOTEBOOKS AND JOURNALS
Double-Entry NotebookField NotebookVocabulary JournalExpanding the Journal
Concept
REWRITING YOUR CLASS NOTES
Minute PaperMuddiest PointPreconception CheckParaphrasing
ORGANIZING AND SYNTHESIZING INFORMATION
Invented DialogueInvented Interview/Unsent LetterRésumé/VitaBio-Poem
USING CHARTS AND VISUALS TO DISCOVER AND TO LEARN
Clustering and Concept MappingProcess FlowchartTime Line/ChronologyPedigree
Chart
STUDYING FOR EXAMS
Test QuestionsMnemonic PlayPart 2: Using What You've Learned to Share
Information4. Writing to Share Experiences
RHETORICAL KNOWLEDGE
Writing to Share Experiences in Your College ClassesWriting to Share
Experiences for LifeScenarios for Writing: Assignment OptionsWriting for
CollegeWriting for LifeRhetorical Considerations in Sharing Your
Experiences
CRITICAL THINKING, READING, AND WRITING
Learning the Qualities of Effective Writing about ExperiencesReading,
Inquiry, and Research: Learning from Narratives That Share Experiences
Russell Baker, On Becoming a Writer
Tanya Barrientos, Se Habla Español
Charles Ogletree, from All Deliberate Speed
Thinking about Visuals That Share ExperiencesDrawing on Research about
Experiences
WRITING PROCESSES
Invention: Getting StartedExploring Your Ideas with ResearchVisualizing
Variations: Using Photos and Documents as SourcesOrganizing Your Ideas and
DetailsConstructing a Complete DraftRevisingResponding to Readers' Comments
KNOWLEDGE OF CONVENTIONS
EditingGenres, Documentation, and FormatWriting in Action: Convention in
Genre and Design
A WRITER SHARES HER EXPERIENCES: JESSICA HEMAUER'S FINAL DRAFT
Jessica Hemauer, Farm Girl
SELF-ASSESSMENT: REFLECTING ON YOUR LEARNING GOALS
5. Writing to Explore
RHETORICAL KNOWLEDGE
Writing to Explore in Your College ClassesWriting to Explore For
LifeScenarios for Writing: Assignment OptionsWriting for CollegeWriting for
LifeRhetorical Considerations for Exploratory Writing
CRITICAL THINKING, READING, AND WRITING
Learning the Qualities of Effective Exploratory WritingReading, Inquiry,
and Research: Learning from Texts That Explore
Kenneth Chang, Scientist at Work: Terence Tao; Journeys to the Distant
Fields of Prime
Michael Wolff, Bipolar Iraq
P.J O'Rourke, Memoir Essay
Thinking About Visuals That ExploreDrawing on Research to Explore Your
Subject
WRITING PROCESSES
Invention: Getting StartedExploring Your Ideas with ResearchOrganizing Your
Ideas and DetailsConstructing a Complete DraftVisualizing Variations: Using
Visuals to Make Your Exploration ClearRevisingResponding to Readers'
Comments
KNOWLEDGE OF CONVENTIONS
EditingGenres, Documentation, and Format Writing in Action: Convention in
Genre and Design
A WRITER SHARES HIS EXPLORATION: RICK MOHLER'S FINAL DRAFT
Rick Mohler, A Sporting Career?
SELF-ASSESSMENT: REFLECTING ON YOUR LEARNING GOALS
6. Writing to Inform
RHETORICAL KNOWLEDGE
Writing to Inform in Your College ClassesWriting to Inform for LifeWriting
for LifeRhetorical Considerations in Informative Writing
CRITICAL THINKING, READING, AND WRITING
Learning the Qualities of Effective Informative WritingReading, Writing,
and Research: Learning from Texts That Inform
Harold Peterson, The Man Who Invented Baseball
Carol Ezzell, Clocking Cultures
Katie Hafner, Growing Wikipedia Revises Its 'Anyone Can Edit' Policy
Thinking about Visuals That InformDrawing on Research to Inform Your
Readers
WRITING PROCESSES
Invention: Getting StartedExploring Your Ideas with ResearchOrganizing Your
Information and ResearchConstructing a Complete DraftVisualizing
Variations: Using a Web Site, Poster, or Brochure to Inform Your
ReadersRevising Responding to Readers' Comments
KNOWLEDGE OF CONVENTIONS
Editing Genres, Documentation, and FormatWriting in Action: Convention in
Genre and Design
A WRITER INFORMS HIS READERS: CRAIG BROADBENT'S FINAL DRAFT
Craig Broadbent, Watch for the Blue Barrels
SELF-ASSESSMENT: REFLECTING ON YOUR LEARNING GOALS
7. Writing to Analyze
RHETORICAL KNOWLEDGE
Writing to Analyze in your College ClassesWriting to Analyze For
LifeScenarios for Writing: Assignment OptionsWriting for CollegeWriting for
LifeRhetorical Considerations in Analytical Writing
CRITICAL THINKING, READING, AND WRITING
Learning the Qualities of Effective Analytical WritingReading, Writing, and
Research: Learning from Texts That Analyze
James M. Lang, Putting In the Hours
John Rockhold, Pay Less at the Pump: The Hybrid Revolution
Tamara Draut, All Work and No Play
Thinking about Visuals That AnalyzeDrawing on Research to Analyze Your
Subject
WRITING PROCESSES
Invention: Getting StartedExploring Your Ideas with ResearchOrganizing Your
InformationConstructing a Complete DraftVisualizing Variations: Using
Charts and Graphs to Make Your Analysis ClearRevising Responding to
Readers' Comments
KNOWLEDGE OF CONVENTIONS
Editing Genres, Documentation, and Format Writing in Action: Convention in
Genre and Design
A WRITER SHARES HER ANALYSIS: SARAH WASHINGTON'S FINAL DRAFT
Sarah Washington, Campus Parking: Love It or Leave It
SELF-ASSESSMENT: REFLECTING ON YOUR LEARNING GOALS
Part 3 Using What You've Learned to Write Arguments8. Writing to Convince
RHETORICAL KNOWLEDGE
Writing to Convince in Your College ClassesWriting to Convince for
LifeScenarios for Writing: Assignment OptionsWriting for CollegeWriting for
LifeRhetorical Considerations for Persuasive Writing
CRITICAL THINKING, READING, AND WRITING
Learning the Qualities of Effective Persuasive Writing Reading, Inquiry,
and Research: Learning from Texts That Persuade
Anne Applebaum, When Women Go to War
Maureen Dowd, Our Own Warrior Princess, and Brian J. G. Pereira, M.D.,
Letter responding to Dowd
Arthur Levine and Jeanette S. Cureton, Collegiate Life: An Obituary
Thinking about Visuals That PersuadeDrawing on Research to Persuade your
Reader
WRITING PROCESSES
Invention: Getting StartedExploring Your Ideas with ResearchReviewing Your
Invention and ResearchOrganizing Your InformationConstructing a Complete
DraftVisualizing Variations: Using Charts and Photographs to Support Your
ClaimRevising Responding to Readers' Comments
KNOWLEDGE OF CONVENTIONS
Editing Genres, Documentation, and Format Writing in Action: Convention in
Genre and Design
A WRITER SHARES HIS PERSUASIVE WRITING: SANTI DEROSA'S FINAL DRAFT
Santi DeRosa, The Objectification of Women: Whose Fault is It?
SELF-ASSESSMENT: REFLECTING ON YOUR LEARNING GOALS
9. Writing to Evaluate
RHETORICAL KNOWLEDGE
Writing to Analyze in Your College ClassesWriting to Evaluate for
LifeScenarios for Writing: Assignment OptionsWriting for CollegeWriting for
LifeRhetorical Considerations for Evaluative Writing
CRITICAL THINKING, READING, AND WRITING
Reading, Inquiry, and Research: Learning from Texts That Evaluate
Roger Ebert, Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone
Elvis Mitchell, Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone
Matthew Power, Immersion Journalism
Thinking about Visuals That EvaluateDrawing on Research for Your Evaluation
WRITING PROCESSES
Invention: Getting StartedExploring Your Ideas with ResearchReviewing Your
Invention and ResearchOrganizing Your EvaluationConstructing a Complete
DraftVisualizing Variations: Using Visuals to Support Your Evaluation
Revising Responding to Readers' Comments
KNOWLEDGE OF CONVENTIONS
EditingGenres, Documentation, and Format Writing in Action: Convention in
Genre and Design
A WRITER SHARES HER EVALUATION: ANNLEE LAWRENCE'S FINAL DRAFT
Annlee Lawrence, Who Has the Healthier Burger?
SELF-ASSESSMENT: REFLECTING ON YOUR LEARNING GOALS
10. Writing to Explain Causes and Effects
RHETORICAL KNOWLEDGE
Writing about Causes and Effects in Your College ClassesWriting about
Causes and Effects for LifeScenarios for Writing: Assignment OptionsWriting
for CollegeWriting for LifeRhetorical Considerations in Cause-Effect
Writing
CRITICAL THINKING, READING, AND WRITING
Learning the Qualities of Effective Writing about Causes and
EffectsReading, Inquiry, and Research: Learning from Texts That Explain
Cause-and-Effect Relationships
Juan Williams, Brown v. Board of Education
Bruce Nussbaum, Where Are the Jobs?
Neal Gabler, How Urban Myths Reveal Society's Fears
Thinking About Visuals That Indicate Cause-and-EffectDrawing on Research to
Demonstrate Causes or Effects
WRITING PROCESSES
Invention: Getting StartedExploring Your Ideas with ResearchOrganizing Your
Cause-Effect PaperConstructing a Complete DraftVisualizing Variations:
Choosing Visuals That Illustrate Cause-and-Effect
RelationshipsRevisingResponding to Readers' Comments
KNOWLEDGE OF CONVENTIONS
EditingGenres, Documentation, and Format Writing in Action: Convention in
Genre and Design
A WRITER SHARES HER CAUSAL ANALYSIS: DEBORAH SCHLEGEL'S FINAL DRAFT
Deborah Schlegel, Weather Forecast: Bikinis or Parkas?
SELF-ASSESSMENT: REFLECTING ON YOUR LEARNING GOALS
11. Writing to Solve Problems
RHETORICAL KNOWLEDGE
Writing to Solve Problems in Your College ClassesWriting to Solve Problems
for LifeScenarios for Writing: Assignment OptionsWriting for CollegeWriting
for LifeRhetorical Considerations in Writing to Solve Problems
CRITICAL THINKING, READING, AND WRITING
Learning the Qualities of Effective Problem-SolvingReading, Writing, and
Research: Learning from Texts That Propose Solutions
Michelle Mise Pollard, The Nursing Crisis: The Solution Lies Within
Thomas L. Friedman, World War III
Michael Bérubé, How to End Grade Inflation
Thinking about Visuals That Present a Problem and Give a SolutionDrawing on
Research to Solve Problems
WRITING PROCESSES
Invention: Getting StartedExploring Your Ideas with ResearchOrganizing Your
InformationConstructing a Complete DraftVisualizing Variations: Alternative
Forms for Solving ProblemsRevising Responding to Readers' Comments
KNOWLEDGE OF CONVENTIONS
Editing Genres, Documentation, and FormatWriting in Action: Convention in
Genre and Design
A WRITER PROPOSES HER SOLUTION: ESTHER ELLSWORTH'S FINAL DRAFT
Esther Ellsworth, Comprehensive Land Use Planning in Arizona
SELF-ASSESSMENT: REFLECTING ON YOUR LEARNING GOALS
12. Writing about a Creative Work
RHETORICAL KNOWLEDGE
Writing about a Creative Work in Your College ClassesWriting about a
Creative Work for LifeScenarios for Writing: Assignment OptionsWriting for
CollegeWriting for LifeRhetorical Considerations for Writing about a
Creative Work
CRITICAL THINKING, READING, AND WRITING
Learning the Qualities of Effective Writing about a Creative Work Reading,
Inquiry, and Research: Learning from Literary Works
Don DeLillo, Videotape
John Edgar Wideman, Ascent by Balloon from the Yard of Walnut Street Jail
Amy Tan, Alien Relative
Thinking about Visuals When Writing about Creative WorksDrawing on Research
WRITING PROCESSES
Invention: Getting StartedVisualizing Variations: Selecting a Creative Work
to Write aboutExploring Your Ideas with ResearchOrganizing Your Ideas and
DetailsConstructing a Complete DraftRevising Responding to Readers'
Comments
KNOWLEDGE OF CONVENTIONS
EditingGenres, Documentation, and Format
A WRITER SHARES HER WRITING ABOUT A CREATIVE WORK: HANNA EARLEY'S FINAL
DRAFT
Hanna Earley, That Doesn't Mean We Want Him to Stop: Suspense in Don
DeLillo's "Videotape"
SELF-ASSESSMENT: REFLECTING ON YOUR LEARNING GOALS
Part 4: Strategies for Effective Communication13. Using Strategies that
Guide Readers
ANNOUNCING A THESIS OR CONTROLLING IDEAWRITING PARAGRAPHS
Placement of Topic SentencesMoving to a New ParagraphOpening
ParagraphsConcluding Paragraphs
USING COHESIVE DEVICES
Using Connective Words and PhrasesUsing Transitional Sentences and
ParagraphsUsing Headings and Subheadings
USING ORGANIZING STRATEGIES
WRITING NARRATIVES
WRITING DESCRIPTIONS
WRITING DEFINITIONS
WRITING CLASSIFICATIONS
WRITING ABOUT COMPARISONS AND CONTRASTS USING OUTLINES AND MAPS TO ORGANIZE
YOUR WRITING
14. Using Strategies that Persuade Readers
ARGUMENT AND PERSUASION
RHETORICAL APPEALS
Logical AppealsEthical AppealsEmotional AppealsThe Rhetorical Triangle:
Considering the Appeals Together
THREE APPROACHES TO ARGUMENT
Classical Strategies for Arguing
Jaron Lanier, Beware the Online Collective
Toulmin Strategies for Arguing
Stanley Fish, But I Didn't Do It!
Rogerian Strategies for Arguing
Rick Reilly, Nothing but Nets
SOME COMMON FLAWS IN ARGUMENTS
15. Using Strategies for Collaboration
WORKING WITH PEERS ON YOUR SINGLE-AUTHORED PROJECTS
Strategies for Working with Peers on Your ProjectsUsing Digital Tools for
Peer ReviewUsing Catalyst for Peer Review
WORKING WITH PEERS ON MULTIPLE-AUTHORED PROJECTS
Strategies for Working with Peers EffectivelyUsing Digital Tools for
Facilitating Multi-Authored Projects16. Making Effective Oral Presentations
DEVELOPING YOUR PRESENTATION
ESTABLISHING A CLEAR STRUCTURE
CONSIDERING YOUR AUDIENCE
ELIMINATING THE FEAR OF SPEAKING IN PUBLIC
IMPROMPTU PRESENTATIONS
Part 5: Technologies for Effective Communication17. Choosing a Medium,
Genre, and Technology for Your Communication
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES
PUBLISHING YOUR WORK
SELECTING A GENRE AND A MEDIUM
Deciding on a Genre for Your WorkDeciding Whether to Use Print, Electronic,
or Oral MediaConsidering Design
TECHNOLOGIES FOR COMPUTER-MEDIATED COMMUNICATION
E-mailThreaded DiscussionsSynchronous ChatBlogsWord-Processing SoftwarePeer
Review ApplicationsGraphics SoftwareDesktop Publishing SoftwarePresentation
SoftwareTechnologies for Constructing Web Pages18. Communicating with
Design and Visuals
PRINCIPLES OF DOCUMENT DESIGN
ProximityContrastAlignmentRepetition (or Consistency)
COMMON KINDS OF VISUAL TEXTS
TablesBar and Line GraphsChartsPhotographsDrawingsDiagramsMapsCartoons
USING VISUALS RHETORICALLY
Considering Your AudienceConsidering Your Purpose
USING VISUALS RESPONSIBLY
PermissionsDistortionsPart 6: Using Research for Informed Communication19.
Finding and Evaluating Information from Sources and the Field
CONDUCTING EFFECTIVE RESEARCH: AN EXAMPLE
Library ResearchResearch on the World Wide Web
SELECTING SOURCES
BooksAcademic JournalsNewspapersPopular MagazinesTrade or Commercial
MagazinesPublic Affairs MagazinesSpecialty MagazinesThe Internet
EVALUATING YOUR SOURCES: ASKING THE REPORTER'S QUESTIONS
Who Is the Author?What Is the Text About? What Is the Quality of the
Information?When Was the Text Published or the Web Site Last Updated?Why
Was This Information Published?Where Was the Item Published?How Accurate Is
the Information in This Source?
FIELD RESEARCH
Working with Human SubjectsInformed ConsentObservationsInterviewsSurveys
and Questionnaires20. Synthesizing and Documenting Sources
QUOTATIONS
PARAPHRASES
SUMMARIES
ELLIPSIS
MLA DOCUMENTATION STYLE
MLA Style: In-Text CitationMLA Style: Constructing a List of Works Cited
MLA Style: Sample Student Paper
APA DOCUMENTATION STYLE
APA Style: In-Text CitationAPA Style: Constructing a References ListAPA
Style: Sample Student PaperA Writer's Handbook
C: Common Sentence Problems
S: Style
P: Punctuation
M: Mechanics
I: A Guide for Multilingual Writers
G: Guid e to Sentence Structure
Appendix A: Constructing a Writing PortfolioAppendix B: Writing Effective
Essay ExaminationsAppendix C: Standard Document Forms
Writing for College, Writing for Life
Part 1: Getting Started1. Writing Goals and Objectives for College and for
Life
WRITING IN THE FOUR AREAS OF YOUR LIFE
Writing as a College StudentWriting as a ProfessionalWriting as a
CitizenWriting as a Family Member or Friend
WRITING IN THE FOUR AREAS IN THIS COURSE
LEARNING GOALS IN THIS COURSE
Rhetorical KnowledgeCritical Thinking, Reading, and WritingWriting
ProcessesKnowledge of Conventions
BECOMING A SELF-REFLECTIVE WRITER
WRITING IN TODAY'S WORLD
Writing ResponsiblyWriting Technologies2. Reading Critically for College
and for Life
USING PRE-READING STRATEGIES
READING ACTIVELY
Annotating EffectivelyReading VisualsReading Web Sites
USING POST-READING STRATEGIES
Starting Your Writer's / Research JournalWriting Effective
SummariesSynthesizing Information in ReadingsUsing Your Reading in Your Own
Writing3. Writing to Discover and to Learn
USING INVENTION STRATEGIES TO DISCOVER IDEAS
ListingFreewritingQuestioningAnswering the Questions Who? What? Why? When?
Where? How?BrainstormingClustering
KEEPING NOTEBOOKS AND JOURNALS
Double-Entry NotebookField NotebookVocabulary JournalExpanding the Journal
Concept
REWRITING YOUR CLASS NOTES
Minute PaperMuddiest PointPreconception CheckParaphrasing
ORGANIZING AND SYNTHESIZING INFORMATION
Invented DialogueInvented Interview/Unsent LetterRésumé/VitaBio-Poem
USING CHARTS AND VISUALS TO DISCOVER AND TO LEARN
Clustering and Concept MappingProcess FlowchartTime Line/ChronologyPedigree
Chart
STUDYING FOR EXAMS
Test QuestionsMnemonic PlayPart 2: Using What You've Learned to Share
Information4. Writing to Share Experiences
RHETORICAL KNOWLEDGE
Writing to Share Experiences in Your College ClassesWriting to Share
Experiences for LifeScenarios for Writing: Assignment OptionsWriting for
CollegeWriting for LifeRhetorical Considerations in Sharing Your
Experiences
CRITICAL THINKING, READING, AND WRITING
Learning the Qualities of Effective Writing about ExperiencesReading,
Inquiry, and Research: Learning from Narratives That Share Experiences
Russell Baker, On Becoming a Writer
Tanya Barrientos, Se Habla Español
Charles Ogletree, from All Deliberate Speed
Thinking about Visuals That Share ExperiencesDrawing on Research about
Experiences
WRITING PROCESSES
Invention: Getting StartedExploring Your Ideas with ResearchVisualizing
Variations: Using Photos and Documents as SourcesOrganizing Your Ideas and
DetailsConstructing a Complete DraftRevisingResponding to Readers' Comments
KNOWLEDGE OF CONVENTIONS
EditingGenres, Documentation, and FormatWriting in Action: Convention in
Genre and Design
A WRITER SHARES HER EXPERIENCES: JESSICA HEMAUER'S FINAL DRAFT
Jessica Hemauer, Farm Girl
SELF-ASSESSMENT: REFLECTING ON YOUR LEARNING GOALS
5. Writing to Explore
RHETORICAL KNOWLEDGE
Writing to Explore in Your College ClassesWriting to Explore For
LifeScenarios for Writing: Assignment OptionsWriting for CollegeWriting for
LifeRhetorical Considerations for Exploratory Writing
CRITICAL THINKING, READING, AND WRITING
Learning the Qualities of Effective Exploratory WritingReading, Inquiry,
and Research: Learning from Texts That Explore
Kenneth Chang, Scientist at Work: Terence Tao; Journeys to the Distant
Fields of Prime
Michael Wolff, Bipolar Iraq
P.J O'Rourke, Memoir Essay
Thinking About Visuals That ExploreDrawing on Research to Explore Your
Subject
WRITING PROCESSES
Invention: Getting StartedExploring Your Ideas with ResearchOrganizing Your
Ideas and DetailsConstructing a Complete DraftVisualizing Variations: Using
Visuals to Make Your Exploration ClearRevisingResponding to Readers'
Comments
KNOWLEDGE OF CONVENTIONS
EditingGenres, Documentation, and Format Writing in Action: Convention in
Genre and Design
A WRITER SHARES HIS EXPLORATION: RICK MOHLER'S FINAL DRAFT
Rick Mohler, A Sporting Career?
SELF-ASSESSMENT: REFLECTING ON YOUR LEARNING GOALS
6. Writing to Inform
RHETORICAL KNOWLEDGE
Writing to Inform in Your College ClassesWriting to Inform for LifeWriting
for LifeRhetorical Considerations in Informative Writing
CRITICAL THINKING, READING, AND WRITING
Learning the Qualities of Effective Informative WritingReading, Writing,
and Research: Learning from Texts That Inform
Harold Peterson, The Man Who Invented Baseball
Carol Ezzell, Clocking Cultures
Katie Hafner, Growing Wikipedia Revises Its 'Anyone Can Edit' Policy
Thinking about Visuals That InformDrawing on Research to Inform Your
Readers
WRITING PROCESSES
Invention: Getting StartedExploring Your Ideas with ResearchOrganizing Your
Information and ResearchConstructing a Complete DraftVisualizing
Variations: Using a Web Site, Poster, or Brochure to Inform Your
ReadersRevising Responding to Readers' Comments
KNOWLEDGE OF CONVENTIONS
Editing Genres, Documentation, and FormatWriting in Action: Convention in
Genre and Design
A WRITER INFORMS HIS READERS: CRAIG BROADBENT'S FINAL DRAFT
Craig Broadbent, Watch for the Blue Barrels
SELF-ASSESSMENT: REFLECTING ON YOUR LEARNING GOALS
7. Writing to Analyze
RHETORICAL KNOWLEDGE
Writing to Analyze in your College ClassesWriting to Analyze For
LifeScenarios for Writing: Assignment OptionsWriting for CollegeWriting for
LifeRhetorical Considerations in Analytical Writing
CRITICAL THINKING, READING, AND WRITING
Learning the Qualities of Effective Analytical WritingReading, Writing, and
Research: Learning from Texts That Analyze
James M. Lang, Putting In the Hours
John Rockhold, Pay Less at the Pump: The Hybrid Revolution
Tamara Draut, All Work and No Play
Thinking about Visuals That AnalyzeDrawing on Research to Analyze Your
Subject
WRITING PROCESSES
Invention: Getting StartedExploring Your Ideas with ResearchOrganizing Your
InformationConstructing a Complete DraftVisualizing Variations: Using
Charts and Graphs to Make Your Analysis ClearRevising Responding to
Readers' Comments
KNOWLEDGE OF CONVENTIONS
Editing Genres, Documentation, and Format Writing in Action: Convention in
Genre and Design
A WRITER SHARES HER ANALYSIS: SARAH WASHINGTON'S FINAL DRAFT
Sarah Washington, Campus Parking: Love It or Leave It
SELF-ASSESSMENT: REFLECTING ON YOUR LEARNING GOALS
Part 3 Using What You've Learned to Write Arguments8. Writing to Convince
RHETORICAL KNOWLEDGE
Writing to Convince in Your College ClassesWriting to Convince for
LifeScenarios for Writing: Assignment OptionsWriting for CollegeWriting for
LifeRhetorical Considerations for Persuasive Writing
CRITICAL THINKING, READING, AND WRITING
Learning the Qualities of Effective Persuasive Writing Reading, Inquiry,
and Research: Learning from Texts That Persuade
Anne Applebaum, When Women Go to War
Maureen Dowd, Our Own Warrior Princess, and Brian J. G. Pereira, M.D.,
Letter responding to Dowd
Arthur Levine and Jeanette S. Cureton, Collegiate Life: An Obituary
Thinking about Visuals That PersuadeDrawing on Research to Persuade your
Reader
WRITING PROCESSES
Invention: Getting StartedExploring Your Ideas with ResearchReviewing Your
Invention and ResearchOrganizing Your InformationConstructing a Complete
DraftVisualizing Variations: Using Charts and Photographs to Support Your
ClaimRevising Responding to Readers' Comments
KNOWLEDGE OF CONVENTIONS
Editing Genres, Documentation, and Format Writing in Action: Convention in
Genre and Design
A WRITER SHARES HIS PERSUASIVE WRITING: SANTI DEROSA'S FINAL DRAFT
Santi DeRosa, The Objectification of Women: Whose Fault is It?
SELF-ASSESSMENT: REFLECTING ON YOUR LEARNING GOALS
9. Writing to Evaluate
RHETORICAL KNOWLEDGE
Writing to Analyze in Your College ClassesWriting to Evaluate for
LifeScenarios for Writing: Assignment OptionsWriting for CollegeWriting for
LifeRhetorical Considerations for Evaluative Writing
CRITICAL THINKING, READING, AND WRITING
Reading, Inquiry, and Research: Learning from Texts That Evaluate
Roger Ebert, Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone
Elvis Mitchell, Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone
Matthew Power, Immersion Journalism
Thinking about Visuals That EvaluateDrawing on Research for Your Evaluation
WRITING PROCESSES
Invention: Getting StartedExploring Your Ideas with ResearchReviewing Your
Invention and ResearchOrganizing Your EvaluationConstructing a Complete
DraftVisualizing Variations: Using Visuals to Support Your Evaluation
Revising Responding to Readers' Comments
KNOWLEDGE OF CONVENTIONS
EditingGenres, Documentation, and Format Writing in Action: Convention in
Genre and Design
A WRITER SHARES HER EVALUATION: ANNLEE LAWRENCE'S FINAL DRAFT
Annlee Lawrence, Who Has the Healthier Burger?
SELF-ASSESSMENT: REFLECTING ON YOUR LEARNING GOALS
10. Writing to Explain Causes and Effects
RHETORICAL KNOWLEDGE
Writing about Causes and Effects in Your College ClassesWriting about
Causes and Effects for LifeScenarios for Writing: Assignment OptionsWriting
for CollegeWriting for LifeRhetorical Considerations in Cause-Effect
Writing
CRITICAL THINKING, READING, AND WRITING
Learning the Qualities of Effective Writing about Causes and
EffectsReading, Inquiry, and Research: Learning from Texts That Explain
Cause-and-Effect Relationships
Juan Williams, Brown v. Board of Education
Bruce Nussbaum, Where Are the Jobs?
Neal Gabler, How Urban Myths Reveal Society's Fears
Thinking About Visuals That Indicate Cause-and-EffectDrawing on Research to
Demonstrate Causes or Effects
WRITING PROCESSES
Invention: Getting StartedExploring Your Ideas with ResearchOrganizing Your
Cause-Effect PaperConstructing a Complete DraftVisualizing Variations:
Choosing Visuals That Illustrate Cause-and-Effect
RelationshipsRevisingResponding to Readers' Comments
KNOWLEDGE OF CONVENTIONS
EditingGenres, Documentation, and Format Writing in Action: Convention in
Genre and Design
A WRITER SHARES HER CAUSAL ANALYSIS: DEBORAH SCHLEGEL'S FINAL DRAFT
Deborah Schlegel, Weather Forecast: Bikinis or Parkas?
SELF-ASSESSMENT: REFLECTING ON YOUR LEARNING GOALS
11. Writing to Solve Problems
RHETORICAL KNOWLEDGE
Writing to Solve Problems in Your College ClassesWriting to Solve Problems
for LifeScenarios for Writing: Assignment OptionsWriting for CollegeWriting
for LifeRhetorical Considerations in Writing to Solve Problems
CRITICAL THINKING, READING, AND WRITING
Learning the Qualities of Effective Problem-SolvingReading, Writing, and
Research: Learning from Texts That Propose Solutions
Michelle Mise Pollard, The Nursing Crisis: The Solution Lies Within
Thomas L. Friedman, World War III
Michael Bérubé, How to End Grade Inflation
Thinking about Visuals That Present a Problem and Give a SolutionDrawing on
Research to Solve Problems
WRITING PROCESSES
Invention: Getting StartedExploring Your Ideas with ResearchOrganizing Your
InformationConstructing a Complete DraftVisualizing Variations: Alternative
Forms for Solving ProblemsRevising Responding to Readers' Comments
KNOWLEDGE OF CONVENTIONS
Editing Genres, Documentation, and FormatWriting in Action: Convention in
Genre and Design
A WRITER PROPOSES HER SOLUTION: ESTHER ELLSWORTH'S FINAL DRAFT
Esther Ellsworth, Comprehensive Land Use Planning in Arizona
SELF-ASSESSMENT: REFLECTING ON YOUR LEARNING GOALS
12. Writing about a Creative Work
RHETORICAL KNOWLEDGE
Writing about a Creative Work in Your College ClassesWriting about a
Creative Work for LifeScenarios for Writing: Assignment OptionsWriting for
CollegeWriting for LifeRhetorical Considerations for Writing about a
Creative Work
CRITICAL THINKING, READING, AND WRITING
Learning the Qualities of Effective Writing about a Creative Work Reading,
Inquiry, and Research: Learning from Literary Works
Don DeLillo, Videotape
John Edgar Wideman, Ascent by Balloon from the Yard of Walnut Street Jail
Amy Tan, Alien Relative
Thinking about Visuals When Writing about Creative WorksDrawing on Research
WRITING PROCESSES
Invention: Getting StartedVisualizing Variations: Selecting a Creative Work
to Write aboutExploring Your Ideas with ResearchOrganizing Your Ideas and
DetailsConstructing a Complete DraftRevising Responding to Readers'
Comments
KNOWLEDGE OF CONVENTIONS
EditingGenres, Documentation, and Format
A WRITER SHARES HER WRITING ABOUT A CREATIVE WORK: HANNA EARLEY'S FINAL
DRAFT
Hanna Earley, That Doesn't Mean We Want Him to Stop: Suspense in Don
DeLillo's "Videotape"
SELF-ASSESSMENT: REFLECTING ON YOUR LEARNING GOALS
Part 4: Strategies for Effective Communication13. Using Strategies that
Guide Readers
ANNOUNCING A THESIS OR CONTROLLING IDEAWRITING PARAGRAPHS
Placement of Topic SentencesMoving to a New ParagraphOpening
ParagraphsConcluding Paragraphs
USING COHESIVE DEVICES
Using Connective Words and PhrasesUsing Transitional Sentences and
ParagraphsUsing Headings and Subheadings
USING ORGANIZING STRATEGIES
WRITING NARRATIVES
WRITING DESCRIPTIONS
WRITING DEFINITIONS
WRITING CLASSIFICATIONS
WRITING ABOUT COMPARISONS AND CONTRASTS USING OUTLINES AND MAPS TO ORGANIZE
YOUR WRITING
14. Using Strategies that Persuade Readers
ARGUMENT AND PERSUASION
RHETORICAL APPEALS
Logical AppealsEthical AppealsEmotional AppealsThe Rhetorical Triangle:
Considering the Appeals Together
THREE APPROACHES TO ARGUMENT
Classical Strategies for Arguing
Jaron Lanier, Beware the Online Collective
Toulmin Strategies for Arguing
Stanley Fish, But I Didn't Do It!
Rogerian Strategies for Arguing
Rick Reilly, Nothing but Nets
SOME COMMON FLAWS IN ARGUMENTS
15. Using Strategies for Collaboration
WORKING WITH PEERS ON YOUR SINGLE-AUTHORED PROJECTS
Strategies for Working with Peers on Your ProjectsUsing Digital Tools for
Peer ReviewUsing Catalyst for Peer Review
WORKING WITH PEERS ON MULTIPLE-AUTHORED PROJECTS
Strategies for Working with Peers EffectivelyUsing Digital Tools for
Facilitating Multi-Authored Projects16. Making Effective Oral Presentations
DEVELOPING YOUR PRESENTATION
ESTABLISHING A CLEAR STRUCTURE
CONSIDERING YOUR AUDIENCE
ELIMINATING THE FEAR OF SPEAKING IN PUBLIC
IMPROMPTU PRESENTATIONS
Part 5: Technologies for Effective Communication17. Choosing a Medium,
Genre, and Technology for Your Communication
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES
PUBLISHING YOUR WORK
SELECTING A GENRE AND A MEDIUM
Deciding on a Genre for Your WorkDeciding Whether to Use Print, Electronic,
or Oral MediaConsidering Design
TECHNOLOGIES FOR COMPUTER-MEDIATED COMMUNICATION
E-mailThreaded DiscussionsSynchronous ChatBlogsWord-Processing SoftwarePeer
Review ApplicationsGraphics SoftwareDesktop Publishing SoftwarePresentation
SoftwareTechnologies for Constructing Web Pages18. Communicating with
Design and Visuals
PRINCIPLES OF DOCUMENT DESIGN
ProximityContrastAlignmentRepetition (or Consistency)
COMMON KINDS OF VISUAL TEXTS
TablesBar and Line GraphsChartsPhotographsDrawingsDiagramsMapsCartoons
USING VISUALS RHETORICALLY
Considering Your AudienceConsidering Your Purpose
USING VISUALS RESPONSIBLY
PermissionsDistortionsPart 6: Using Research for Informed Communication19.
Finding and Evaluating Information from Sources and the Field
CONDUCTING EFFECTIVE RESEARCH: AN EXAMPLE
Library ResearchResearch on the World Wide Web
SELECTING SOURCES
BooksAcademic JournalsNewspapersPopular MagazinesTrade or Commercial
MagazinesPublic Affairs MagazinesSpecialty MagazinesThe Internet
EVALUATING YOUR SOURCES: ASKING THE REPORTER'S QUESTIONS
Who Is the Author?What Is the Text About? What Is the Quality of the
Information?When Was the Text Published or the Web Site Last Updated?Why
Was This Information Published?Where Was the Item Published?How Accurate Is
the Information in This Source?
FIELD RESEARCH
Working with Human SubjectsInformed ConsentObservationsInterviewsSurveys
and Questionnaires20. Synthesizing and Documenting Sources
QUOTATIONS
PARAPHRASES
SUMMARIES
ELLIPSIS
MLA DOCUMENTATION STYLE
MLA Style: In-Text CitationMLA Style: Constructing a List of Works Cited
MLA Style: Sample Student Paper
APA DOCUMENTATION STYLE
APA Style: In-Text CitationAPA Style: Constructing a References ListAPA
Style: Sample Student PaperA Writer's Handbook
C: Common Sentence Problems
S: Style
P: Punctuation
M: Mechanics
I: A Guide for Multilingual Writers
G: Guid e to Sentence Structure
Appendix A: Constructing a Writing PortfolioAppendix B: Writing Effective
Essay ExaminationsAppendix C: Standard Document Forms
Part 1: Getting Started1. Writing Goals and Objectives for College and for
Life
WRITING IN THE FOUR AREAS OF YOUR LIFE
Writing as a College StudentWriting as a ProfessionalWriting as a
CitizenWriting as a Family Member or Friend
WRITING IN THE FOUR AREAS IN THIS COURSE
LEARNING GOALS IN THIS COURSE
Rhetorical KnowledgeCritical Thinking, Reading, and WritingWriting
ProcessesKnowledge of Conventions
BECOMING A SELF-REFLECTIVE WRITER
WRITING IN TODAY'S WORLD
Writing ResponsiblyWriting Technologies2. Reading Critically for College
and for Life
USING PRE-READING STRATEGIES
READING ACTIVELY
Annotating EffectivelyReading VisualsReading Web Sites
USING POST-READING STRATEGIES
Starting Your Writer's / Research JournalWriting Effective
SummariesSynthesizing Information in ReadingsUsing Your Reading in Your Own
Writing3. Writing to Discover and to Learn
USING INVENTION STRATEGIES TO DISCOVER IDEAS
ListingFreewritingQuestioningAnswering the Questions Who? What? Why? When?
Where? How?BrainstormingClustering
KEEPING NOTEBOOKS AND JOURNALS
Double-Entry NotebookField NotebookVocabulary JournalExpanding the Journal
Concept
REWRITING YOUR CLASS NOTES
Minute PaperMuddiest PointPreconception CheckParaphrasing
ORGANIZING AND SYNTHESIZING INFORMATION
Invented DialogueInvented Interview/Unsent LetterRésumé/VitaBio-Poem
USING CHARTS AND VISUALS TO DISCOVER AND TO LEARN
Clustering and Concept MappingProcess FlowchartTime Line/ChronologyPedigree
Chart
STUDYING FOR EXAMS
Test QuestionsMnemonic PlayPart 2: Using What You've Learned to Share
Information4. Writing to Share Experiences
RHETORICAL KNOWLEDGE
Writing to Share Experiences in Your College ClassesWriting to Share
Experiences for LifeScenarios for Writing: Assignment OptionsWriting for
CollegeWriting for LifeRhetorical Considerations in Sharing Your
Experiences
CRITICAL THINKING, READING, AND WRITING
Learning the Qualities of Effective Writing about ExperiencesReading,
Inquiry, and Research: Learning from Narratives That Share Experiences
Russell Baker, On Becoming a Writer
Tanya Barrientos, Se Habla Español
Charles Ogletree, from All Deliberate Speed
Thinking about Visuals That Share ExperiencesDrawing on Research about
Experiences
WRITING PROCESSES
Invention: Getting StartedExploring Your Ideas with ResearchVisualizing
Variations: Using Photos and Documents as SourcesOrganizing Your Ideas and
DetailsConstructing a Complete DraftRevisingResponding to Readers' Comments
KNOWLEDGE OF CONVENTIONS
EditingGenres, Documentation, and FormatWriting in Action: Convention in
Genre and Design
A WRITER SHARES HER EXPERIENCES: JESSICA HEMAUER'S FINAL DRAFT
Jessica Hemauer, Farm Girl
SELF-ASSESSMENT: REFLECTING ON YOUR LEARNING GOALS
5. Writing to Explore
RHETORICAL KNOWLEDGE
Writing to Explore in Your College ClassesWriting to Explore For
LifeScenarios for Writing: Assignment OptionsWriting for CollegeWriting for
LifeRhetorical Considerations for Exploratory Writing
CRITICAL THINKING, READING, AND WRITING
Learning the Qualities of Effective Exploratory WritingReading, Inquiry,
and Research: Learning from Texts That Explore
Kenneth Chang, Scientist at Work: Terence Tao; Journeys to the Distant
Fields of Prime
Michael Wolff, Bipolar Iraq
P.J O'Rourke, Memoir Essay
Thinking About Visuals That ExploreDrawing on Research to Explore Your
Subject
WRITING PROCESSES
Invention: Getting StartedExploring Your Ideas with ResearchOrganizing Your
Ideas and DetailsConstructing a Complete DraftVisualizing Variations: Using
Visuals to Make Your Exploration ClearRevisingResponding to Readers'
Comments
KNOWLEDGE OF CONVENTIONS
EditingGenres, Documentation, and Format Writing in Action: Convention in
Genre and Design
A WRITER SHARES HIS EXPLORATION: RICK MOHLER'S FINAL DRAFT
Rick Mohler, A Sporting Career?
SELF-ASSESSMENT: REFLECTING ON YOUR LEARNING GOALS
6. Writing to Inform
RHETORICAL KNOWLEDGE
Writing to Inform in Your College ClassesWriting to Inform for LifeWriting
for LifeRhetorical Considerations in Informative Writing
CRITICAL THINKING, READING, AND WRITING
Learning the Qualities of Effective Informative WritingReading, Writing,
and Research: Learning from Texts That Inform
Harold Peterson, The Man Who Invented Baseball
Carol Ezzell, Clocking Cultures
Katie Hafner, Growing Wikipedia Revises Its 'Anyone Can Edit' Policy
Thinking about Visuals That InformDrawing on Research to Inform Your
Readers
WRITING PROCESSES
Invention: Getting StartedExploring Your Ideas with ResearchOrganizing Your
Information and ResearchConstructing a Complete DraftVisualizing
Variations: Using a Web Site, Poster, or Brochure to Inform Your
ReadersRevising Responding to Readers' Comments
KNOWLEDGE OF CONVENTIONS
Editing Genres, Documentation, and FormatWriting in Action: Convention in
Genre and Design
A WRITER INFORMS HIS READERS: CRAIG BROADBENT'S FINAL DRAFT
Craig Broadbent, Watch for the Blue Barrels
SELF-ASSESSMENT: REFLECTING ON YOUR LEARNING GOALS
7. Writing to Analyze
RHETORICAL KNOWLEDGE
Writing to Analyze in your College ClassesWriting to Analyze For
LifeScenarios for Writing: Assignment OptionsWriting for CollegeWriting for
LifeRhetorical Considerations in Analytical Writing
CRITICAL THINKING, READING, AND WRITING
Learning the Qualities of Effective Analytical WritingReading, Writing, and
Research: Learning from Texts That Analyze
James M. Lang, Putting In the Hours
John Rockhold, Pay Less at the Pump: The Hybrid Revolution
Tamara Draut, All Work and No Play
Thinking about Visuals That AnalyzeDrawing on Research to Analyze Your
Subject
WRITING PROCESSES
Invention: Getting StartedExploring Your Ideas with ResearchOrganizing Your
InformationConstructing a Complete DraftVisualizing Variations: Using
Charts and Graphs to Make Your Analysis ClearRevising Responding to
Readers' Comments
KNOWLEDGE OF CONVENTIONS
Editing Genres, Documentation, and Format Writing in Action: Convention in
Genre and Design
A WRITER SHARES HER ANALYSIS: SARAH WASHINGTON'S FINAL DRAFT
Sarah Washington, Campus Parking: Love It or Leave It
SELF-ASSESSMENT: REFLECTING ON YOUR LEARNING GOALS
Part 3 Using What You've Learned to Write Arguments8. Writing to Convince
RHETORICAL KNOWLEDGE
Writing to Convince in Your College ClassesWriting to Convince for
LifeScenarios for Writing: Assignment OptionsWriting for CollegeWriting for
LifeRhetorical Considerations for Persuasive Writing
CRITICAL THINKING, READING, AND WRITING
Learning the Qualities of Effective Persuasive Writing Reading, Inquiry,
and Research: Learning from Texts That Persuade
Anne Applebaum, When Women Go to War
Maureen Dowd, Our Own Warrior Princess, and Brian J. G. Pereira, M.D.,
Letter responding to Dowd
Arthur Levine and Jeanette S. Cureton, Collegiate Life: An Obituary
Thinking about Visuals That PersuadeDrawing on Research to Persuade your
Reader
WRITING PROCESSES
Invention: Getting StartedExploring Your Ideas with ResearchReviewing Your
Invention and ResearchOrganizing Your InformationConstructing a Complete
DraftVisualizing Variations: Using Charts and Photographs to Support Your
ClaimRevising Responding to Readers' Comments
KNOWLEDGE OF CONVENTIONS
Editing Genres, Documentation, and Format Writing in Action: Convention in
Genre and Design
A WRITER SHARES HIS PERSUASIVE WRITING: SANTI DEROSA'S FINAL DRAFT
Santi DeRosa, The Objectification of Women: Whose Fault is It?
SELF-ASSESSMENT: REFLECTING ON YOUR LEARNING GOALS
9. Writing to Evaluate
RHETORICAL KNOWLEDGE
Writing to Analyze in Your College ClassesWriting to Evaluate for
LifeScenarios for Writing: Assignment OptionsWriting for CollegeWriting for
LifeRhetorical Considerations for Evaluative Writing
CRITICAL THINKING, READING, AND WRITING
Reading, Inquiry, and Research: Learning from Texts That Evaluate
Roger Ebert, Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone
Elvis Mitchell, Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone
Matthew Power, Immersion Journalism
Thinking about Visuals That EvaluateDrawing on Research for Your Evaluation
WRITING PROCESSES
Invention: Getting StartedExploring Your Ideas with ResearchReviewing Your
Invention and ResearchOrganizing Your EvaluationConstructing a Complete
DraftVisualizing Variations: Using Visuals to Support Your Evaluation
Revising Responding to Readers' Comments
KNOWLEDGE OF CONVENTIONS
EditingGenres, Documentation, and Format Writing in Action: Convention in
Genre and Design
A WRITER SHARES HER EVALUATION: ANNLEE LAWRENCE'S FINAL DRAFT
Annlee Lawrence, Who Has the Healthier Burger?
SELF-ASSESSMENT: REFLECTING ON YOUR LEARNING GOALS
10. Writing to Explain Causes and Effects
RHETORICAL KNOWLEDGE
Writing about Causes and Effects in Your College ClassesWriting about
Causes and Effects for LifeScenarios for Writing: Assignment OptionsWriting
for CollegeWriting for LifeRhetorical Considerations in Cause-Effect
Writing
CRITICAL THINKING, READING, AND WRITING
Learning the Qualities of Effective Writing about Causes and
EffectsReading, Inquiry, and Research: Learning from Texts That Explain
Cause-and-Effect Relationships
Juan Williams, Brown v. Board of Education
Bruce Nussbaum, Where Are the Jobs?
Neal Gabler, How Urban Myths Reveal Society's Fears
Thinking About Visuals That Indicate Cause-and-EffectDrawing on Research to
Demonstrate Causes or Effects
WRITING PROCESSES
Invention: Getting StartedExploring Your Ideas with ResearchOrganizing Your
Cause-Effect PaperConstructing a Complete DraftVisualizing Variations:
Choosing Visuals That Illustrate Cause-and-Effect
RelationshipsRevisingResponding to Readers' Comments
KNOWLEDGE OF CONVENTIONS
EditingGenres, Documentation, and Format Writing in Action: Convention in
Genre and Design
A WRITER SHARES HER CAUSAL ANALYSIS: DEBORAH SCHLEGEL'S FINAL DRAFT
Deborah Schlegel, Weather Forecast: Bikinis or Parkas?
SELF-ASSESSMENT: REFLECTING ON YOUR LEARNING GOALS
11. Writing to Solve Problems
RHETORICAL KNOWLEDGE
Writing to Solve Problems in Your College ClassesWriting to Solve Problems
for LifeScenarios for Writing: Assignment OptionsWriting for CollegeWriting
for LifeRhetorical Considerations in Writing to Solve Problems
CRITICAL THINKING, READING, AND WRITING
Learning the Qualities of Effective Problem-SolvingReading, Writing, and
Research: Learning from Texts That Propose Solutions
Michelle Mise Pollard, The Nursing Crisis: The Solution Lies Within
Thomas L. Friedman, World War III
Michael Bérubé, How to End Grade Inflation
Thinking about Visuals That Present a Problem and Give a SolutionDrawing on
Research to Solve Problems
WRITING PROCESSES
Invention: Getting StartedExploring Your Ideas with ResearchOrganizing Your
InformationConstructing a Complete DraftVisualizing Variations: Alternative
Forms for Solving ProblemsRevising Responding to Readers' Comments
KNOWLEDGE OF CONVENTIONS
Editing Genres, Documentation, and FormatWriting in Action: Convention in
Genre and Design
A WRITER PROPOSES HER SOLUTION: ESTHER ELLSWORTH'S FINAL DRAFT
Esther Ellsworth, Comprehensive Land Use Planning in Arizona
SELF-ASSESSMENT: REFLECTING ON YOUR LEARNING GOALS
12. Writing about a Creative Work
RHETORICAL KNOWLEDGE
Writing about a Creative Work in Your College ClassesWriting about a
Creative Work for LifeScenarios for Writing: Assignment OptionsWriting for
CollegeWriting for LifeRhetorical Considerations for Writing about a
Creative Work
CRITICAL THINKING, READING, AND WRITING
Learning the Qualities of Effective Writing about a Creative Work Reading,
Inquiry, and Research: Learning from Literary Works
Don DeLillo, Videotape
John Edgar Wideman, Ascent by Balloon from the Yard of Walnut Street Jail
Amy Tan, Alien Relative
Thinking about Visuals When Writing about Creative WorksDrawing on Research
WRITING PROCESSES
Invention: Getting StartedVisualizing Variations: Selecting a Creative Work
to Write aboutExploring Your Ideas with ResearchOrganizing Your Ideas and
DetailsConstructing a Complete DraftRevising Responding to Readers'
Comments
KNOWLEDGE OF CONVENTIONS
EditingGenres, Documentation, and Format
A WRITER SHARES HER WRITING ABOUT A CREATIVE WORK: HANNA EARLEY'S FINAL
DRAFT
Hanna Earley, That Doesn't Mean We Want Him to Stop: Suspense in Don
DeLillo's "Videotape"
SELF-ASSESSMENT: REFLECTING ON YOUR LEARNING GOALS
Part 4: Strategies for Effective Communication13. Using Strategies that
Guide Readers
ANNOUNCING A THESIS OR CONTROLLING IDEAWRITING PARAGRAPHS
Placement of Topic SentencesMoving to a New ParagraphOpening
ParagraphsConcluding Paragraphs
USING COHESIVE DEVICES
Using Connective Words and PhrasesUsing Transitional Sentences and
ParagraphsUsing Headings and Subheadings
USING ORGANIZING STRATEGIES
WRITING NARRATIVES
WRITING DESCRIPTIONS
WRITING DEFINITIONS
WRITING CLASSIFICATIONS
WRITING ABOUT COMPARISONS AND CONTRASTS USING OUTLINES AND MAPS TO ORGANIZE
YOUR WRITING
14. Using Strategies that Persuade Readers
ARGUMENT AND PERSUASION
RHETORICAL APPEALS
Logical AppealsEthical AppealsEmotional AppealsThe Rhetorical Triangle:
Considering the Appeals Together
THREE APPROACHES TO ARGUMENT
Classical Strategies for Arguing
Jaron Lanier, Beware the Online Collective
Toulmin Strategies for Arguing
Stanley Fish, But I Didn't Do It!
Rogerian Strategies for Arguing
Rick Reilly, Nothing but Nets
SOME COMMON FLAWS IN ARGUMENTS
15. Using Strategies for Collaboration
WORKING WITH PEERS ON YOUR SINGLE-AUTHORED PROJECTS
Strategies for Working with Peers on Your ProjectsUsing Digital Tools for
Peer ReviewUsing Catalyst for Peer Review
WORKING WITH PEERS ON MULTIPLE-AUTHORED PROJECTS
Strategies for Working with Peers EffectivelyUsing Digital Tools for
Facilitating Multi-Authored Projects16. Making Effective Oral Presentations
DEVELOPING YOUR PRESENTATION
ESTABLISHING A CLEAR STRUCTURE
CONSIDERING YOUR AUDIENCE
ELIMINATING THE FEAR OF SPEAKING IN PUBLIC
IMPROMPTU PRESENTATIONS
Part 5: Technologies for Effective Communication17. Choosing a Medium,
Genre, and Technology for Your Communication
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES
PUBLISHING YOUR WORK
SELECTING A GENRE AND A MEDIUM
Deciding on a Genre for Your WorkDeciding Whether to Use Print, Electronic,
or Oral MediaConsidering Design
TECHNOLOGIES FOR COMPUTER-MEDIATED COMMUNICATION
E-mailThreaded DiscussionsSynchronous ChatBlogsWord-Processing SoftwarePeer
Review ApplicationsGraphics SoftwareDesktop Publishing SoftwarePresentation
SoftwareTechnologies for Constructing Web Pages18. Communicating with
Design and Visuals
PRINCIPLES OF DOCUMENT DESIGN
ProximityContrastAlignmentRepetition (or Consistency)
COMMON KINDS OF VISUAL TEXTS
TablesBar and Line GraphsChartsPhotographsDrawingsDiagramsMapsCartoons
USING VISUALS RHETORICALLY
Considering Your AudienceConsidering Your Purpose
USING VISUALS RESPONSIBLY
PermissionsDistortionsPart 6: Using Research for Informed Communication19.
Finding and Evaluating Information from Sources and the Field
CONDUCTING EFFECTIVE RESEARCH: AN EXAMPLE
Library ResearchResearch on the World Wide Web
SELECTING SOURCES
BooksAcademic JournalsNewspapersPopular MagazinesTrade or Commercial
MagazinesPublic Affairs MagazinesSpecialty MagazinesThe Internet
EVALUATING YOUR SOURCES: ASKING THE REPORTER'S QUESTIONS
Who Is the Author?What Is the Text About? What Is the Quality of the
Information?When Was the Text Published or the Web Site Last Updated?Why
Was This Information Published?Where Was the Item Published?How Accurate Is
the Information in This Source?
FIELD RESEARCH
Working with Human SubjectsInformed ConsentObservationsInterviewsSurveys
and Questionnaires20. Synthesizing and Documenting Sources
QUOTATIONS
PARAPHRASES
SUMMARIES
ELLIPSIS
MLA DOCUMENTATION STYLE
MLA Style: In-Text CitationMLA Style: Constructing a List of Works Cited
MLA Style: Sample Student Paper
APA DOCUMENTATION STYLE
APA Style: In-Text CitationAPA Style: Constructing a References ListAPA
Style: Sample Student PaperA Writer's Handbook
C: Common Sentence Problems
S: Style
P: Punctuation
M: Mechanics
I: A Guide for Multilingual Writers
G: Guid e to Sentence Structure
Appendix A: Constructing a Writing PortfolioAppendix B: Writing Effective
Essay ExaminationsAppendix C: Standard Document Forms