In the early nineteenth century, mills were ubiquitous, making possible dozens of indispensable items--from the bread served at every meal to the boards used to construct houses and other buildings. Because millstones went through so much daily wear and tear, only certain types of rock formations were suitable for millstone quarries, though they were often difficult to locate and access. This book provides an archaeological and historical study of six millstone quarries in Powell County, Kentucky. While the best-known conglomerate millstone quarries were in New York, Virginia, and…mehr
In the early nineteenth century, mills were ubiquitous, making possible dozens of indispensable items--from the bread served at every meal to the boards used to construct houses and other buildings. Because millstones went through so much daily wear and tear, only certain types of rock formations were suitable for millstone quarries, though they were often difficult to locate and access. This book provides an archaeological and historical study of six millstone quarries in Powell County, Kentucky. While the best-known conglomerate millstone quarries were in New York, Virginia, and Pennsylvania, Powell County was an important millstone producer for Kentucky, and the quarries there are well-preserved and documented. It features dozens of photographs and tables, two maps, and seven appendices.Hinweis: Dieser Artikel kann nur an eine deutsche Lieferadresse ausgeliefert werden.
Produktdetails
Produktdetails
Contributions to Southern Appalachian Studies Nr.24
Charles D. Hockensmith worked as a staff archaeologist with the Kentucky Heritage Council for 27 years before retiring in July 2008. He has published extensively on several historic industries with special emphasis on millstone quarries, bricks manufacturing, and lime kilns.
Inhaltsangabe
Table of Contents Acknowledgments Foreword by Nancy O'Malley Preface Introduction 1. AN ARCHIVAL OVERVIEW OF THE KENTUCKY MILLSTONE QUARRYING INDUSTRY Franklin County Letcher County Logan County Madison County Marshall County McCreary County Powell County Rockcastle County Whitley County Woodford County General Comments 2. THE ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING OF THE QUARRIES Geology Soils Flora 3. DOCUMENTING THE QUARRIES: FIELD METHODS, FIELD LIMITATIONS, AND ARCHIVAL RESEARCH Field Methods Field Limitations Archival Research 4. AN HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF THE POWELL COUNTY QUARRIES 5. FAMILIES ASSOCIATED WITH THE POWELL COUNTY QUARRIES Adams Family Berry Family Daniel Family DeWitt Family Golf Family Hanks Family Hedger Family Johnson Family Nelson Family Pigg Family Risk Family Ross Family Smith Family Spry Family Stewart Family Summers Family Treadway Family Ware Family West Family Stone Cutters 6. ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS AT THE POWELL COUNTY QUARRIES McGuire Quarry Baker Quarry Toler Quarry Ware Quarry Ewen Quarry Pilot Knob Quarry 7. COMPARISONS AMONG THE POWELL COUNTY QUARRIES Millstones Leveling Crosses Cutting Eyes Drill Holes on Millstones Drilled Boulders Shaping Debris Quarry Excavations Artifacts Tool Marks on Boulders and Millstones Reasons for Millstone Rejection 8. COMPARISONS BETWEEN THE POWELL COUNTY QUARRIES AND OTHER QUARRIES Leveling Crosses Reasons for Millstone Rejection Quarry Excavations Tools 9. MANUFACTURING SEQUENCES FOR MILLSTONES Techniques in Europe Techniques in the United States 10. TRANSPORTATION METHODS AND ROUTES FOR POWELL COUNTY MILLSTONES Road Transport River Transport 11. MARKETS FOR POWELL COUNTY MILLSTONES 12. THE COMPETITION: IMPORTED MILLSTONES IN KENTUCKY 13. KENTUCKY MILLSTONE VALUES 14. CONCLUSIONS Glossary Appendices A: Form for Documenting Millstones B: Form for Documenting Boulders and Drill Holes C: 1804 Lawsuit in Fayette County, Higbee v. Hanks D: 1810 Lawsuit in Clark County, Wilkerson v. Adams E: 1823 Lawsuit in Clark County, Johnson v. Adams F: 1826 Lawsuit in Clark County, Summers v. Adams G: Millstones Potentially Associated with the Powell County Quarries Bibliography Index
Table of Contents Acknowledgments Foreword by Nancy O'Malley Preface Introduction 1. AN ARCHIVAL OVERVIEW OF THE KENTUCKY MILLSTONE QUARRYING INDUSTRY Franklin County Letcher County Logan County Madison County Marshall County McCreary County Powell County Rockcastle County Whitley County Woodford County General Comments 2. THE ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING OF THE QUARRIES Geology Soils Flora 3. DOCUMENTING THE QUARRIES: FIELD METHODS, FIELD LIMITATIONS, AND ARCHIVAL RESEARCH Field Methods Field Limitations Archival Research 4. AN HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF THE POWELL COUNTY QUARRIES 5. FAMILIES ASSOCIATED WITH THE POWELL COUNTY QUARRIES Adams Family Berry Family Daniel Family DeWitt Family Golf Family Hanks Family Hedger Family Johnson Family Nelson Family Pigg Family Risk Family Ross Family Smith Family Spry Family Stewart Family Summers Family Treadway Family Ware Family West Family Stone Cutters 6. ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS AT THE POWELL COUNTY QUARRIES McGuire Quarry Baker Quarry Toler Quarry Ware Quarry Ewen Quarry Pilot Knob Quarry 7. COMPARISONS AMONG THE POWELL COUNTY QUARRIES Millstones Leveling Crosses Cutting Eyes Drill Holes on Millstones Drilled Boulders Shaping Debris Quarry Excavations Artifacts Tool Marks on Boulders and Millstones Reasons for Millstone Rejection 8. COMPARISONS BETWEEN THE POWELL COUNTY QUARRIES AND OTHER QUARRIES Leveling Crosses Reasons for Millstone Rejection Quarry Excavations Tools 9. MANUFACTURING SEQUENCES FOR MILLSTONES Techniques in Europe Techniques in the United States 10. TRANSPORTATION METHODS AND ROUTES FOR POWELL COUNTY MILLSTONES Road Transport River Transport 11. MARKETS FOR POWELL COUNTY MILLSTONES 12. THE COMPETITION: IMPORTED MILLSTONES IN KENTUCKY 13. KENTUCKY MILLSTONE VALUES 14. CONCLUSIONS Glossary Appendices A: Form for Documenting Millstones B: Form for Documenting Boulders and Drill Holes C: 1804 Lawsuit in Fayette County, Higbee v. Hanks D: 1810 Lawsuit in Clark County, Wilkerson v. Adams E: 1823 Lawsuit in Clark County, Johnson v. Adams F: 1826 Lawsuit in Clark County, Summers v. Adams G: Millstones Potentially Associated with the Powell County Quarries Bibliography Index
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