Charles D. Hockensmith
The Millstone Quarries of Powell County, Kentucky
Charles D. Hockensmith
The Millstone Quarries of Powell County, Kentucky
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In the early nineteenth century, mills were ubiquitous, making possible dozens of indispensable items--from the bread served at every meal to the boards used to construct houses and other buildings. Because millstones went through so much daily wear and tear, only certain types of rock formations were suitable for millstone quarries, though they were often difficult to locate and access. This book provides an archaeological and historical study of six millstone quarries in Powell County, Kentucky. While the best-known conglomerate millstone quarries were in New York, Virginia, and…mehr
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In the early nineteenth century, mills were ubiquitous, making possible dozens of indispensable items--from the bread served at every meal to the boards used to construct houses and other buildings. Because millstones went through so much daily wear and tear, only certain types of rock formations were suitable for millstone quarries, though they were often difficult to locate and access. This book provides an archaeological and historical study of six millstone quarries in Powell County, Kentucky. While the best-known conglomerate millstone quarries were in New York, Virginia, and Pennsylvania, Powell County was an important millstone producer for Kentucky, and the quarries there are well-preserved and documented. It features dozens of photographs and tables, two maps, and seven appendices.
Produktdetails
- Produktdetails
- Contributions to Southern Appalachian Studies Nr.24
- Verlag: McFarland
- Seitenzahl: 218
- Erscheinungstermin: 24. April 2009
- Englisch
- Abmessung: 254mm x 178mm x 12mm
- Gewicht: 420g
- ISBN-13: 9780786438594
- ISBN-10: 0786438592
- Artikelnr.: 23898437
- Contributions to Southern Appalachian Studies Nr.24
- Verlag: McFarland
- Seitenzahl: 218
- Erscheinungstermin: 24. April 2009
- Englisch
- Abmessung: 254mm x 178mm x 12mm
- Gewicht: 420g
- ISBN-13: 9780786438594
- ISBN-10: 0786438592
- Artikelnr.: 23898437
Charles D. Hockensmith worked as a staff archaeologist with the Kentucky Heritage Council for 27 years before retiring in July 2008. He has published extensively on several historic industries with special emphasis on millstone quarries, bricks manufacturing, and lime kilns.
Table of Contents
Acknowledgments
Foreword by Nancy O'Malley
Preface
Introduction
1. AN ARCHIVAL OVERVIEW OF THE KENTUCKY MILLSTONE QUARRYING INDUSTRY
Franklin County
Letcher County
Logan County
Madison County
Marshall County
McCreary County
Powell County
Rockcastle County
Whitley County
Woodford County
General Comments
2. THE ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING OF THE QUARRIES
Geology
Soils
Flora
3. DOCUMENTING THE QUARRIES: FIELD METHODS, FIELD LIMITATIONS, AND ARCHIVAL
RESEARCH
Field Methods
Field Limitations
Archival Research
4. AN HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF THE POWELL COUNTY QUARRIES
5. FAMILIES ASSOCIATED WITH THE POWELL COUNTY QUARRIES
Adams Family
Berry Family
Daniel Family
DeWitt Family
Golf Family
Hanks Family
Hedger Family
Johnson Family
Nelson Family
Pigg Family
Risk Family
Ross Family
Smith Family
Spry Family
Stewart Family
Summers Family
Treadway Family
Ware Family
West Family
Stone Cutters
6. ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS AT THE POWELL COUNTY QUARRIES
McGuire Quarry
Baker Quarry
Toler Quarry
Ware Quarry
Ewen Quarry
Pilot Knob Quarry
7. COMPARISONS AMONG THE POWELL COUNTY QUARRIES
Millstones
Leveling Crosses
Cutting Eyes
Drill Holes on Millstones
Drilled Boulders
Shaping Debris
Quarry Excavations
Artifacts
Tool Marks on Boulders and Millstones
Reasons for Millstone Rejection
8. COMPARISONS BETWEEN THE POWELL COUNTY QUARRIES
AND OTHER QUARRIES
Leveling Crosses
Reasons for Millstone Rejection
Quarry Excavations
Tools
9. MANUFACTURING SEQUENCES FOR MILLSTONES
Techniques in Europe
Techniques in the United States
10. TRANSPORTATION METHODS AND ROUTES FOR POWELL COUNTY
MILLSTONES
Road Transport
River Transport
11. MARKETS FOR POWELL COUNTY MILLSTONES
12. THE COMPETITION: IMPORTED MILLSTONES IN KENTUCKY
13. KENTUCKY MILLSTONE VALUES
14. CONCLUSIONS
Glossary
Appendices
A: Form for Documenting Millstones
B: Form for Documenting Boulders and Drill Holes
C: 1804 Lawsuit in Fayette County, Higbee v. Hanks
D: 1810 Lawsuit in Clark County, Wilkerson v. Adams
E: 1823 Lawsuit in Clark County, Johnson v. Adams
F: 1826 Lawsuit in Clark County, Summers v. Adams
G: Millstones Potentially Associated with the Powell County Quarries
Bibliography
Index
Acknowledgments
Foreword by Nancy O'Malley
Preface
Introduction
1. AN ARCHIVAL OVERVIEW OF THE KENTUCKY MILLSTONE QUARRYING INDUSTRY
Franklin County
Letcher County
Logan County
Madison County
Marshall County
McCreary County
Powell County
Rockcastle County
Whitley County
Woodford County
General Comments
2. THE ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING OF THE QUARRIES
Geology
Soils
Flora
3. DOCUMENTING THE QUARRIES: FIELD METHODS, FIELD LIMITATIONS, AND ARCHIVAL
RESEARCH
Field Methods
Field Limitations
Archival Research
4. AN HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF THE POWELL COUNTY QUARRIES
5. FAMILIES ASSOCIATED WITH THE POWELL COUNTY QUARRIES
Adams Family
Berry Family
Daniel Family
DeWitt Family
Golf Family
Hanks Family
Hedger Family
Johnson Family
Nelson Family
Pigg Family
Risk Family
Ross Family
Smith Family
Spry Family
Stewart Family
Summers Family
Treadway Family
Ware Family
West Family
Stone Cutters
6. ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS AT THE POWELL COUNTY QUARRIES
McGuire Quarry
Baker Quarry
Toler Quarry
Ware Quarry
Ewen Quarry
Pilot Knob Quarry
7. COMPARISONS AMONG THE POWELL COUNTY QUARRIES
Millstones
Leveling Crosses
Cutting Eyes
Drill Holes on Millstones
Drilled Boulders
Shaping Debris
Quarry Excavations
Artifacts
Tool Marks on Boulders and Millstones
Reasons for Millstone Rejection
8. COMPARISONS BETWEEN THE POWELL COUNTY QUARRIES
AND OTHER QUARRIES
Leveling Crosses
Reasons for Millstone Rejection
Quarry Excavations
Tools
9. MANUFACTURING SEQUENCES FOR MILLSTONES
Techniques in Europe
Techniques in the United States
10. TRANSPORTATION METHODS AND ROUTES FOR POWELL COUNTY
MILLSTONES
Road Transport
River Transport
11. MARKETS FOR POWELL COUNTY MILLSTONES
12. THE COMPETITION: IMPORTED MILLSTONES IN KENTUCKY
13. KENTUCKY MILLSTONE VALUES
14. CONCLUSIONS
Glossary
Appendices
A: Form for Documenting Millstones
B: Form for Documenting Boulders and Drill Holes
C: 1804 Lawsuit in Fayette County, Higbee v. Hanks
D: 1810 Lawsuit in Clark County, Wilkerson v. Adams
E: 1823 Lawsuit in Clark County, Johnson v. Adams
F: 1826 Lawsuit in Clark County, Summers v. Adams
G: Millstones Potentially Associated with the Powell County Quarries
Bibliography
Index
Table of Contents
Acknowledgments
Foreword by Nancy O'Malley
Preface
Introduction
1. AN ARCHIVAL OVERVIEW OF THE KENTUCKY MILLSTONE QUARRYING INDUSTRY
Franklin County
Letcher County
Logan County
Madison County
Marshall County
McCreary County
Powell County
Rockcastle County
Whitley County
Woodford County
General Comments
2. THE ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING OF THE QUARRIES
Geology
Soils
Flora
3. DOCUMENTING THE QUARRIES: FIELD METHODS, FIELD LIMITATIONS, AND ARCHIVAL
RESEARCH
Field Methods
Field Limitations
Archival Research
4. AN HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF THE POWELL COUNTY QUARRIES
5. FAMILIES ASSOCIATED WITH THE POWELL COUNTY QUARRIES
Adams Family
Berry Family
Daniel Family
DeWitt Family
Golf Family
Hanks Family
Hedger Family
Johnson Family
Nelson Family
Pigg Family
Risk Family
Ross Family
Smith Family
Spry Family
Stewart Family
Summers Family
Treadway Family
Ware Family
West Family
Stone Cutters
6. ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS AT THE POWELL COUNTY QUARRIES
McGuire Quarry
Baker Quarry
Toler Quarry
Ware Quarry
Ewen Quarry
Pilot Knob Quarry
7. COMPARISONS AMONG THE POWELL COUNTY QUARRIES
Millstones
Leveling Crosses
Cutting Eyes
Drill Holes on Millstones
Drilled Boulders
Shaping Debris
Quarry Excavations
Artifacts
Tool Marks on Boulders and Millstones
Reasons for Millstone Rejection
8. COMPARISONS BETWEEN THE POWELL COUNTY QUARRIES
AND OTHER QUARRIES
Leveling Crosses
Reasons for Millstone Rejection
Quarry Excavations
Tools
9. MANUFACTURING SEQUENCES FOR MILLSTONES
Techniques in Europe
Techniques in the United States
10. TRANSPORTATION METHODS AND ROUTES FOR POWELL COUNTY
MILLSTONES
Road Transport
River Transport
11. MARKETS FOR POWELL COUNTY MILLSTONES
12. THE COMPETITION: IMPORTED MILLSTONES IN KENTUCKY
13. KENTUCKY MILLSTONE VALUES
14. CONCLUSIONS
Glossary
Appendices
A: Form for Documenting Millstones
B: Form for Documenting Boulders and Drill Holes
C: 1804 Lawsuit in Fayette County, Higbee v. Hanks
D: 1810 Lawsuit in Clark County, Wilkerson v. Adams
E: 1823 Lawsuit in Clark County, Johnson v. Adams
F: 1826 Lawsuit in Clark County, Summers v. Adams
G: Millstones Potentially Associated with the Powell County Quarries
Bibliography
Index
Acknowledgments
Foreword by Nancy O'Malley
Preface
Introduction
1. AN ARCHIVAL OVERVIEW OF THE KENTUCKY MILLSTONE QUARRYING INDUSTRY
Franklin County
Letcher County
Logan County
Madison County
Marshall County
McCreary County
Powell County
Rockcastle County
Whitley County
Woodford County
General Comments
2. THE ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING OF THE QUARRIES
Geology
Soils
Flora
3. DOCUMENTING THE QUARRIES: FIELD METHODS, FIELD LIMITATIONS, AND ARCHIVAL
RESEARCH
Field Methods
Field Limitations
Archival Research
4. AN HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF THE POWELL COUNTY QUARRIES
5. FAMILIES ASSOCIATED WITH THE POWELL COUNTY QUARRIES
Adams Family
Berry Family
Daniel Family
DeWitt Family
Golf Family
Hanks Family
Hedger Family
Johnson Family
Nelson Family
Pigg Family
Risk Family
Ross Family
Smith Family
Spry Family
Stewart Family
Summers Family
Treadway Family
Ware Family
West Family
Stone Cutters
6. ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS AT THE POWELL COUNTY QUARRIES
McGuire Quarry
Baker Quarry
Toler Quarry
Ware Quarry
Ewen Quarry
Pilot Knob Quarry
7. COMPARISONS AMONG THE POWELL COUNTY QUARRIES
Millstones
Leveling Crosses
Cutting Eyes
Drill Holes on Millstones
Drilled Boulders
Shaping Debris
Quarry Excavations
Artifacts
Tool Marks on Boulders and Millstones
Reasons for Millstone Rejection
8. COMPARISONS BETWEEN THE POWELL COUNTY QUARRIES
AND OTHER QUARRIES
Leveling Crosses
Reasons for Millstone Rejection
Quarry Excavations
Tools
9. MANUFACTURING SEQUENCES FOR MILLSTONES
Techniques in Europe
Techniques in the United States
10. TRANSPORTATION METHODS AND ROUTES FOR POWELL COUNTY
MILLSTONES
Road Transport
River Transport
11. MARKETS FOR POWELL COUNTY MILLSTONES
12. THE COMPETITION: IMPORTED MILLSTONES IN KENTUCKY
13. KENTUCKY MILLSTONE VALUES
14. CONCLUSIONS
Glossary
Appendices
A: Form for Documenting Millstones
B: Form for Documenting Boulders and Drill Holes
C: 1804 Lawsuit in Fayette County, Higbee v. Hanks
D: 1810 Lawsuit in Clark County, Wilkerson v. Adams
E: 1823 Lawsuit in Clark County, Johnson v. Adams
F: 1826 Lawsuit in Clark County, Summers v. Adams
G: Millstones Potentially Associated with the Powell County Quarries
Bibliography
Index