This study focuses on the issue of the quality of learning with a view to improving school performance in primary schools in Burkina Faso. This study made it possible to identify the role of the teacher in teaching and learning activities.Using a comprehensive approach inspired by professional didactics and work ergonomics, it studied the implementation of the teachers' mètis during learning. This study allowed to apprehend on the one hand the professional development of the teachers, on the other hand, the quality of the learnings carried out by the operators and the satisfaction which results from it for each one of them.