This book examines the nature of domestic rural water supply in South Eastern Nigeria. It identifies and describes the sources of water supply, compares water demand to supply and investigates the factors responsible for inadequate water supply in the region. The book reveals that most households depend largely on spring and streams that are unsafe for drinking. The difficulty in accessing the water sources makes supply inadequate in the region. The factors that are responsible for water supply shortage in the region are socio-economic and physical barriers, cultural and political problems and inadequate water supply infrastructure. Meaningful rural water supply can be achieved by regulating the influence of these factors as well as reduce the implications of water shortage in the region.