The problem of access to health care for the population remains increasingly worrying despite the enormous efforts made by the government and international organizations. Solving such a problem also requires the participation of traditional practitioners. It is within this framework that we are writing this ethnopharmacology book as a modest contribution to the promotion of traditional medicine. The content of the book is summarized in three parts: The first part provides useful background on health policy and traditional medicine in Guinea. The second focuses on the health situation in Gueckedou as the field of our research. The third deals with the main theme: The functioning of the traditional medicine section of the prefectural health department of Gueckedou, which was created as a pilot structure to serve as a model for all the prefectures of Guinea. The book is intended for students, university and health school teachers, and health professionals.