These notions aim to show how the principle of Responsibility can modify economic decisions by taking into account their potential effects on environmental resources and, indirectly, on the sustainability of development. It is of particular interest in a context where scientific research and technological action have evolved. Their objects have diversified and their impacts have become more significant on a spatial and temporal scale. They are no longer limited to the here and now. Man has come to control the Earth's life processes, and thus also the processes that distinguish living and non-living individuals, and maintain their individual and systemic functioning.In this way, the process itself is brought into play by the application of man's new power over individuals and the functioning of the entire biosphere. We are now faced with questions for which morality and legislation are not enough to provide satisfactory answers on a personal, social, philosophical and even scientific level.