The use of pesticides in Brazilian farming is a problem in the agribusiness scenario, since it has unquestionable impacts on two of the values most cherished by modern society with regard to the quality of human life and its maintenance, namely the conservation of a balanced environment and public health. This paper therefore seeks to discuss the conflict between the constitutional protection afforded to these values and economic-corporate interests, in order to analyse how public policies, legal operators and Brazilian regulations deal with this antagonistic relationship. It also aims to report on the development of the pesticide market in Brazil and the effects of this segment.